Mobilizing the Country for War Military, Industry, Public Opinion.
Ch.12 Overview America & World War II * 1941 - 1945 Sec.1 Mobilizing for War Sec.2 The Early battles...
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Transcript of Ch.12 Overview America & World War II * 1941 - 1945 Sec.1 Mobilizing for War Sec.2 The Early battles...
Ch.12 Overview
America & World War II * 1941 - 1945
Sec.1 Mobilizing for War
Sec.2 The Early battles
Sec.3 Life on the Home front
Sec.4 Pushing the Axis back
Sec.5 The War Ends
America and W.W. IIChapter 12
Even before the U.S. entered the war, Roosevelt was preparing the economy by building up the country’s defenses. the conversion to a war time economy went at a rapid pace. a new agency controlled the production of jeeps, tanks, airplanes, and ships. America approved the first peace time draft, W.W.II saw the first African American combat units and women also advanced, serving for the first time in the military itself rather than in auxiliary units.
Henry Stimson Quote
Stimson: Secretary of War
“If you are going to try and go to war, or to prepare for war in a capitalist country, you have got to let businesses make money out of the process or businesses won’t work”
Roosevelt declared national emergency after Blitzkrieg in France = he had 50,000 airplanes built
Gave industry an incentive to change over to wartime production
Reasons The U.S. Was Ready For War
Military ContractsCompanies bid on jobs
Company with the most reasonable bid and production ability would get the military contract
Bid system to slow for wartime production
Need to find better / Quicker system
Cost Plus System
Converting the Economy
Cost-Plus Contracts:
govt agreed to pay a company what it cost to build a product and pay a percentage of the cost for profit
Made company’s produce faster
More you produce, the more you make
reconstruction Finance Corp.
Not all companies able to change to war production due to finances
Made loans to companies to help convert to war production
American Industry
by 1942, over 200,000 companies converted to war production
AutomakersAutomakers began to produce jeeps, trucks tanks
Also Produced: artillery, rifles, mines, helmets, pontoon bridges, cooking pots, & other military equipment
Henry Ford created an assembly line for B-24 Bomber “Liberator”
Auto industry produced 1/3 of all equipment for the War
Auto & Tank Production:Car Production:
1941: 3,779,628 cars
1942: 222,862 cars
1943:139 cars
1944: 610 Cars
1945: 70,001 cars
Tank Production:
1941: 4,203 tanks
1942: 23,884 Tanks
1943: 29,497 Tanks
1944:17,565 Tanks
1945: 11,184 tanks
Liberty Ships
Basic cargo ship - Welded ship - no rivets
Cheap, easy to build, & hard to sink
Welded hull was one solid piece
Riveted ship would fall apart when hit
War Production BoardControlled distribution of materials
Set production goals for companies
Decided what contracts had priority
Supervised over $185 Billion in military weapons and supplies
U.S. workers were twice as productive as German workers
U.S. workers were five times more productive than Japanese workers
American production turned tide in the favor of the Allies
In less than 4 years, the U.S. achieved what no other nation has ever achieved = It fought and won a two front war against two powerful military empires & forced EACH of them to surrender unconditionally
America & the war
Building an Army
After Germany invaded Poland, FDR expanded the army to 227,000
After France surrendered to Germany, Congress introduced “Selective Service”
1st Peace time draft in American History
Building an Army IISent to basic training for 8 weeks
Army training facilities overloaded - lived in tents, temp. bathrooms
Given “G.I.” uniforms
Major equipment shortages in training
Training ill prepared the soldiers for actual war!
Quote
“Training created a special sense of kinship, the reason you storm the beaches is not patriotism or bravery, it’s that sense of not failing your buddies” - Unknown Soldier
Questions??????