Ch12 earthandlifehistorysection3
Transcript of Ch12 earthandlifehistorysection3
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Evolution and Change
• Chapter Eleven: Evolution
• Chapter Twelve: Earth and Life History
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Chapter Twelve: Earth and Life History
• 12.1 Evidence from Rocks
• 12.2 How Earth Changes
• 12.3 Life History
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Investigation 12B
• How are fossils useful evidence for continental drift?
Fossils in Time
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12.3 Life History• Scientists have
developed a model of the history of life on Earth called the geologic time scale.
• Paleontologists divide the geologic time scale into blocks of time called eras and periods.
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12.3 Life History• The Precambrian era lasted from Earth’s
formation 4.6 billion years ago until 542 million years ago (mya).
• The first cells appeared in the Precambrian era.
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12.3 Life History
• The Paleozoic era lasted from 542 to 251 mya. Paleozoic is a Greek word meaning “ancient life.”
• Rocks dated from the Paleozoic era contain fossils of trilobites, snails, clams, and corals.
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12.3 Life History• The Mesozoic era lasted from 251 to 65
mya. Mesozoic is a Greek word meaning “middle life.”
• This era is often called the Age of Reptiles.
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12.3 Life History• The Cenozoic era began 65 mya and is still
going on. • Cenozoic means “recent life.” • Fossils from the Cenozoic era are closest to
Earth’s surface, making them easier to find.
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12.3 Mass extinctions• Mass extinctions are
periods of large-scale extinction.
• They seem to be part of the evolutionary process because after each, new life forms emerge.
Asteroids may have played a part in previous mass extinctions.
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12.3 Absolute dating• Absolute dating is a
method of estimating the age of a fossil in years.
• Absolute dating requires the use of a natural “clock.”
• That clock is the radioactive decay of certain naturally-occurring elements like carbon.
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12.3 Absolute dating• Half-life is the amount of
time it takes for half of the unstable atoms in a sample to decay.
• In a sample of uranium-238, it takes 4.5 billion years for half of the uranium atoms to transform into lead atoms.
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Activity
• Scientists use absolute dating to estimate the age of a fossil in years.
• Absolute dating uses the decay of radioactive elements as a natural “clock.”
Radioactivity and Half-Life