Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
-
Upload
almira-okic -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
![Page 1: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 1/17
1
Buffers in Blood.
Acidosis and Alkalosis.
Chapter 10.
![Page 2: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 2/17
2
Buffers in the Blood The pH of blood is 7.35 – 7.45 Chanes in pH belo! ".# and abo$e #.0 %a& result in
death The %a'or buffer s&ste% in the bod& fluid is H(C)3*HC)3
+ ,o%e C)(- the end product of cellular %etabolis%- is
carried to the luns for eli%ination- and the rest dissol$esin bod& fluids- for%in carbonic acid that dissociates to
produce bicarbonate HC)3+/ and h&droniu% H3)0/ ions.
ore of the HC)3+ is supplied b& the kidne&s.
C)( H() ↔ H2CO3
H2CO3 + H() ↔ H3O+ + HCO3-
![Page 3: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 3/17
3
Carbonate buffer
H2CO3 + H() ↔ H3O+ + HCO3-
2cess acid H3)/ in the bod& is neutralied b& HC)3
+
H2CO3 + H() ← H3O+ + HCO3-
Equilibrium shifts left 2cess base )H+/ reacts !ith the carbonic
acid H(C)3/ H2CO3 + )H+ → H2O + HCO3
-
Equilibrium shifts right
![Page 4: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 4/17
4
pH of the blood buffer The concentrations in the blood of H(C)3 and
HC)3+ are 0.00(4 and 0.0(4 respecti$el&
H(C)3* HC)3+ 1*10 is needed to %aintain the
nor%al blood pH 7.35 – 7.45/
37.7/103.4lo
103.410.0103.40(4.0
00(4.0103.4
6
6
6
6
66
#
#77
3
3(
3
3(
33
=−=
===
==
=
−
−−−
−
+
−+
x pH
x x x x x
HCO
CO H
K O H
CO H
HCOO H K
a
a
![Page 5: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 5/17
![Page 6: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 6/17
6
>eulation of blood pH The luns and kidne&s pla& i%portant role in
reulatin blood pH.
The luns reulate pH throuh retention oreli%ination of C)( b& chanin the rate and
$olu%e of $entilation.
The kidne&s reulate pH b& ecretin acid-
pri%aril& in the a%%oniu% ion ?H4/- and b&
reclai%in HC)3+ fro% the lo%erular filtrate and
addin it back to the blood/.
![Page 7: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 7/177
8%portance of the bicarbonate+
carbonic acid bufferin s&ste%1. H(C)3 dissociates into C)( and H()-
allo!in H3)0 to be eli%inated as C)( b&
the luns
(. Chanes in @C)( %odif& the $entilation
rate
3. HC)3+ concentration can be altered b&
kidne&s
![Page 8: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 8/178
)ther i%portant buffers The phosphate buffer s&ste% H@)4
(+*H(@)4+/ pla&s
a role in plas%a and er&throc&tes.
H(@)4+ H() ↔ H3O+ + HPO42-
An& acid reacts !ith %onoh&droen phosphate tofor% dih&droen phosphate
dih&droen phosphate%onoh&droen phosphate
H2PO4-
+ H2O ← H@)4(+
H3)
he b!se is "eutr!li#e$ b% $ih%$r&ge" 'h&s'h!tedih&droen phosphate %onoh&droen phosphate
H2PO4- + OH- → H@)4
(+ H3)
![Page 9: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 9/17(
@roteins act as a third t&pe of blood
buffer @roteins contain – C))+ roups- !hich- like acetate ions
CH3C))+/- can act as proton acceptors.
@roteins also contain – ?H30 roups- !hich- like
a%%oniu% ions ?H40/- can donate protons.
8f acid co%es into blood- h&droniu% ions can beneutralied b& the – C))+ roups
+ C))+ H3)0 → - COOH + H2O
)f b!se is !$$e$* it !" be "eutr!li#e$ b% the , H3+
gr&u's - H3
+ + OH- → - H2 + H2O
![Page 10: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 10/17./
?or%al alues for Blood Buffer in
Arterial Blood. The follo!in $alues are deter%ined b&
blood as anal&er
pH 7.35 – 7.45
@C)( 35 – 45 %% H
H(C)3 (.4 %%oles*9 of plas%a
HC)3+ (4 %%oles*9 of plas%a
@)( #0 – 110 %% H
![Page 11: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 11/17
..
Blood Gases In the body, cells use up O2 and give o !O2"
O2 lo#s into the tissues because the partial
pressure o O2 is higher $100 mm %g& ino'ygenated blood, and lo#er $(30 mm %g& in
the tissues"
!O2
lo#s out o the tissues because thepartial pressure o !O2 is higher $)50 mm
%g& in the tissues and lo#er $*0 mm %g& in
the blood"
![Page 12: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 12/17
.2
Blood Gases In the lungs, O2
enters the blood,
#hile !O2 romthe blood is
released"
In the tissues, O2
enters the cells,
#hich release
!O2 into the
blood"
![Page 13: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 13/17
.3
8nterpretation of Clinical Blood as Data
H()
C)(
H(
) ↔ H2
CO3
↔ H3
O+ + HCO3
-
The concentration of carbonic acid in the bod& isassociated !ith the partial pressure of C)(.
<hen C)( le$el rises- producin %ore H(C)3- thee=uilibriu% produces %ore H3)- !hich lo!ers the pH – acidosis.
Decreasin of C)( le$el due to a h&per$entilation-!hich epels lare a%ounts of C)(- leads to a
lo!erin in the partial pressure of C)( belo!nor%al and the shift of the e=uilibriu% fro% H(C)3 to C)( and H(). This shift decreases H3) andraises blood pH – alkalosis.
![Page 14: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 14/17
.4
>espirator& Acidosis C)(E pH 0
,&%pto%s Failue to $entilate- suppression of
breathin- disorientation- !eakness- co%a
Causes 9un disease blockin as diffusion e..-e%ph&se%a- pneu%onia- bronchitis- and asth%a/G
depression of respirator& center b& drus-
cardiopul%onar& arrest- stroke- polio%&elitis- or
ner$ous s&ste% disorders Treat%ent Correction of disorder- infusion of
bicarbonate
![Page 15: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 15/17
.5
>espirator& Alkalosis C)( 0 'H 1 ,&%pto%s 8ncreased rate and depth of breathin-
nu%bness- liht+headedness- tetan&
Causes h&per$entilation due to aniet&- h&steria-fe$er- eerciseG reaction to drus such as salic&late-
=uinine- and antihista%inesG conditions causin
h&poia e..- pneu%onia- pul%onar& ede%a- and
heart disease/ Treat%ent 2li%ination of aniet& producin state-
rebreathin into a paper ba
![Page 16: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 16/17
.6
etabolic ?onrespirator&/
Acidosis H E pH 0 ,&%pto%s 8ncreased $entilation- fatiue-
confusion
Causes >enal disease- includin hepatitis andcirrhosisG increased acid production in diabetes%ellitus- h&perth&roidis%- alcoholis%- andstar$ationG loss of alkali in diarrheaG acid retentionin renal failure
Treat%ent ,odiu% bicarbonate i$en orall&-dial&sis for renal failure- insulin treat%ent fordiabetic ketosis
![Page 17: Ch.10.6buffers in Blood](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052916/56d6c06c1a28ab30169a51ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/25/2019 Ch.10.6buffers in Blood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch106buffers-in-blood 17/17
.7
etabolic ?onrespirator&/
Alkalosis H 0 'H E ,&%pto%s Depressed breathin- apath&-
confusion
Causes o%itin- diseases of the adrenal
lands- inestions of access alkali
Treat%ent 8nfusion of saline solution-
treat%ent of underl&in diseases