Ch.1: Matter and Ch.1: Matter and ChangeChange

1.1 Chemistry1.1 Chemistry

SciencesSciences used to be divided into used to be divided into

strict categoriesstrict categories physical (nonliving)physical (nonliving) biological (living)biological (living)

Chemistry has parts Chemistry has parts that fall under both that fall under both categoriescategories

many sciences are so many sciences are so interrelated that you interrelated that you can’t categorize them in can’t categorize them in those ways anymore.those ways anymore.

ChemistryChemistry study of matter and the study of matter and the

changes it undergoeschanges it undergoes chemists use instruments chemists use instruments

to improve their ability to to improve their ability to observe and make observe and make measurementsmeasurements

ChemistryChemistry

chemists work with chemists work with chemicalschemicals (any (any substance with definite composition)substance with definite composition)

all matter has chemical basis all matter has chemical basis whether it is living or nonlivingwhether it is living or nonliving

Branches of ChemistryBranches of Chemistry

1.1. organic-organic- study of compounds study of compounds containing carbon containing carbon

2.2. inorganicinorganic- study of compounds that - study of compounds that aren’t organicaren’t organic

1.1. physical-physical- study of changes of study of changes of matter and their energymatter and their energy

Branches of ChemistryBranches of Chemistry

4.4. analytical-analytical- study of composition of study of composition of materialsmaterials

5.5. biochemistry-biochemistry- study of substances study of substances and processes in living thingsand processes in living things

6.6. theoretical-theoretical- use of math and use of math and computers to understand chemical computers to understand chemical behaviors and design new behaviors and design new compoundscompounds

Types of ResearchTypes of Research

1.1. Basic Research-Basic Research- done to increase done to increase knowledgeknowledge

2.2. Applied Research-Applied Research- done to solve a done to solve a problemproblem

3.3. Technological Development-Technological Development- done to done to improve quality of lifeimprove quality of life

technology – application of knowledge technology – application of knowledge (usually scientific) for practical purposes(usually scientific) for practical purposes

Ch. 1: Matter and Ch. 1: Matter and ChangeChange

1.2 Matter and Its Properties1.2 Matter and Its Properties

TermsTerms

MatterMatter- anything that has mass and - anything that has mass and volumevolume

AtomAtom- smallest unit of an element that - smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of elementkeeps the properties of element

ElementElement- pure substance made of only one - pure substance made of only one type of atomtype of atom

CompoundCompound- substance made of 2 or more - substance made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically bondedtypes of atoms that are chemically bonded

MoleculeMolecule- type of compound in which - type of compound in which bonds are covalent bondsbonds are covalent bonds

Properties of MatterProperties of Matter

chemists use characteristic chemists use characteristic properties to tell substances apart properties to tell substances apart and to separate themand to separate them

some properties define a group of some properties define a group of substancessubstances

Types of PropertiesTypes of Properties

ExtensiveExtensive- depend on the amount of - depend on the amount of mattermatter

Ex: volume, mass, amount of energy Ex: volume, mass, amount of energy

IntensiveIntensive- do not depend on the - do not depend on the amountamount

Ex: density, boiling point, ability to Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conductconduct

Types of PropertiesTypes of Properties PhysicalPhysical- -

characteristics that characteristics that can be observed or can be observed or measured without measured without changing the changing the identity of a identity of a substancesubstance

ChemicalChemical- relates to a - relates to a substances ability to substances ability to undergo changes undergo changes that transform it into that transform it into a different substancea different substance

Easiest to see when a Easiest to see when a chemical is reactingchemical is reacting