1

Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and

Organizational Psychology(4th Edition)

by Frank J. Landy &

Jeffrey M. Conte

2

Work in the 21st CenturyChapter 1

What is Industrial and Organizational

Psychology?

3

Module 1.1:Fundamentals of I-O Psychology

• Importance of I-O psychology– Importance of work in people’s lives

• What is I-O psychology?– The application of psychological principles,

theory, and research to the work setting.

4

Fundamentals ofI-O Psychology (cont’d)

– Fields of I-O Psychology• Personnel psychology

• Organizational psychology

• Human engineering

5

Common Areas ofConcentration for I-O Psychologists

Table 1.1

6

Common Job Titles forI-O Psychologists

Table 1.2

7

How This Course Can Help You

• Knowledge about 21st

century workplace– Course will address issues

such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership

Gejala Stress kerja Terry Beehr dan John Newman (1978)

8

Sumber : www. Epsikologi.com

Sebastian Manuputi, Aktivis Buruh yang Tewas Bakar Diri di GBK

• Sebastian merupakan buruh PT Alam Tirta Segar di Kawasan Industri MM 2100 Cibitung, Kabupaten Bekasi. Selama ini Sebastian dikenal sebagai aktivis yang memperjuangkan hak-hak buruh. Diduga Sebastian bunuh diri karena frustrasi tak ada perubahan di lingkungan kerjanya.

9

Sumber: http://u.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/sebastian-manuputi-aktivis-buruh-yang-tewas-bakar-diri-di-gbk/ar-BBj3YKV

10

Module 1.2: The past, present,and future of I-O Psychology

• The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology

• The Present – Demographics and Career Paths

• Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

11

Important Dates in theEvolution of I-O Psychology

Figure 1.1

12

Demographics of I-O Psychologists

• In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members

• In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women

• Average salaries:– Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000

– Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

13

Figure 1.2: Where I-O Psychologists are Employed

14

Challenges to I-O in 21st Century

• I-O psychology needs to be:

– Relevant

– Useful

– Grounded in scientific method

15

Changes in the Workplace Since 1980

• Personal computing• Telecommuting &

virtual teams• Videoconferencing• Providing a service vs.

manufacturing “goods”

• Nature of work more fluid

• Teams vs. the individual

• Little stability

• Family-friendly workplaces

• Greater diversity

• Global workplace

Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

16

Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology

• Multiculturalism– Culture defined

• System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects

• Sharing of meanings & interpretations

Royalty-Free/CORBIS

17

Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)

Figure 1.3The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

18

Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century

• Why should multiculturalism be important to you?

• Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology?– Issues surrounding the global economy,

expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

19

Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence

• Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism

– Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals

– Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

Implications of Cultural Dimensions for HRM

20

Table 1.6 The implications of Cultural Dimensions for HRM

21

Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)

Figure 1.5Triandis’s View ofCultural Determinantsin the Workplace

22

Module 1.4:Themes & Course Structure

• Themes:

A) Unified Science

B) Holistic Approach

• Parts of the book:1)Introduction

2)Industrial Psychology

3)Organizational Psychology

4)Work Environment