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The Nature of Research

Research MethodologyChapter 1

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Topics co$ered

%e&nition of research Reasons for doing research

Applications of research

Characteristics and re'uire(ents ofresearch process

Types of research

%i)erences bet*een 'ualitati$e+'uantitati$e and (i,ed (ethodsapproaches

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Research- .hat does it(ean/

0Research is a structured in'uiry thatutilises acceptable scienti&c(ethodology to sol$e proble(s and

creates ne* no*ledge that isgenerally applicable23 4Grinnell1556-#7

0a syste(atic in$estigation to &ndans*ers to a proble(3 48urns+

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Reasons for doing research

To understand a &eld you arestudying:*oring in

To e,plain and &nd ans*ers inrelation to *hat you percei$e

To critically e,a(ine certain aspects

To (ae changes

To &nd ans*ers to theoretical'uestions

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Application of research

E,a(ine your o*n &eld

Methodologists ha$e de$elopedresearch (ethods to understandyour speci&c area

There are (any di)erent proceduresand techni'ues

Reliability and $alidity depends onthe soundness of the research(ethods adopted

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Figure 121 The applications of

research

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Characteristics and re'uire(ents ofresearch process

Collecting+ analysing and interpretation ofinfor(ation to ans*er 'uestions (ustre'uire certain characteristics-

Controlled Rigorous

Syste(atic

;alid and $eri&able E(pirical

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Types of research

Mode of en'uiry to &nd ans*ers to a researchproble( underpinned by di)erent philosophies- Quantitative approachor the structured

approach

Qualitative approachor the unstructuredapproach

Mixed methods approach

The choice of approach depends on Aim of enquiry< e,ploration+ con&r(ation or

'uanti&cation2

Use of the ndings< policy for(ulation or processunderstanding2

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Figure 12! Types of research

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The (i,ed (ethodsapproach

Co(bine (ultiple (ethods of di)erent paradig(s4'uantitati$e :'ualitati$e 7 to i(pro$e &ndings

Ad$antages- Enhances research possibilities

8etter for (ore co(ple, situations

Enrich(ent of data

Collecting additional research e$idence

%isad$antages-

More data (eans (ore *or and resources Re'uires additional and di$erse sills

Contacting t*o study populations

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=aradig(s of research

For( the basis of research(ethodology

>uantitati$e approach 4syste(atic+scienti&c or positi$ist approach tosocial en'uiry7

>ualitati$e approach 4ethnographic+ecological or naturalistic approach7

Mi,ed (ethods approach4co(bination of 'uantitati$e and

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Table 12! %i)erences bet*een'ualitati$e+ 'uantitati$e and (i,ed

(ethods approaches

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The Research ?nion4Saunders+ !""@7