Ch01 introduction to computers
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Transcript of Ch01 introduction to computers
© 2010
Introduction to Computer Systems for Health
Information Technology
Chapter 1:Introduction to Computers
© 2010
History of Computers in Healthcare
• 1960s– Financial applications
• 1970s– Departmental computer systems– Dummy terminals– Hard drives
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History of Computers in Healthcare
• 1980s and 1990s– Personal computers– Increase in speed– Specialized software– Networking
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Technology’s Impact on HIM Profession in 1990s
• Electronic billing• Charge description master• Networking of systems
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Impact of Computers
• Patient care– World Wide Web– Patient health record
• Finance and reimbursement– Reimbursement systems
• Public health and epidemiology– Secondary data– Track trends
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Impact of Computers
• Research– Clinical trials
• Education– Used in classrooms– Distance education– Internet databases
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Hardware
• Portion of the computer that can be touched• Examples
– Hard drive– Monitor– Mouse– Keyboard– Printer
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Hardware – Central Processing Unit
• Megahertz • Cache memory• Random Access Memory
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Hardware – Types of Computers
• Mainframe• Laptop computes• Handheld device
– Personal digital assistant
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Hardware – Peripherals
• Examples– Keyboard– Mouse– Printer– Scanner– Monitor– Speakers– Flash drive
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Hardware – Common Input Devices
• Keyboard• Mouse• Light pen• Touch screens• Scanner• Digital camera and video• Microphone
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Hardware – Common Input Devices
• Docking station• Optical character recognition
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Hardware within Computer
• Personal computer– CPU– Motherboard– Memory chips
• Random Access Memory• Read-Only Memory• Cache
– System files
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Hardware within Computer
• Ports– Traditional types
• Serial port• Parallel port
– Modern types• USB port• Firewire• Infrared light beam port• Bluetooth
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Hardware within Computer
• Modem• Video card• Sound card• Fan• Expansion slots
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Hardware within Computer
• Bus– Internal bus– External bus– Address bus– Data bus
• Surge protectors
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Output Devices
• Monitor– Resolution– Pixel
• megapixel
– LCD screen– Plasma screens
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Output Devices
• Printers– Dot matrix
• Dots per inch
– Laser printer– Thermal printers– Ink jet printers– Multifunction printer
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Output Devices
• Speakers• Data projector
– Keystoning
• Scanner• Optical disc
– Write once read many
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Wireless Connection
• Wi-Fi
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Notebook PC
• Laptop• Wireless computers
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Software
• Instructions to operate– Operating systems– Application software– Utility programs
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Software
• Multitasking• Device driver• Enterprise software
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Programming Languages
• Bit• Byte• Sample software languages
– FORTRAN– COBOL– BASIC– Java– C++
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Internet Programming Languages
• Hypertext markup language• Extensible markup language• Generalized markup language
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Communication and Internet Technologies
• Network– Hub– Peer-to-peer
• Firewall• Routes• Client-server networks• Local area network• Wide area network
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Interfaces
• Connection between computer and network
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Internet Connections in Networks
• Ethernet• Wireless• Fiberoptic• Modems
– Dial-up– Cable– Digital subscriber line
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Internet Connections in Networks
• Wireless cards
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Types of Networks
• Bus• Star• Token ring• Tree (hierarchical)• Hybrid• Daisy chain network
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Internet Technologies
• Internet– Internet service provider– High speed
• T1• T3
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Internet Technologies
• Intranet• Extranet
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Computerized Records
• Electronic health record• Electronic medical record• Computerized patient record
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Computerized Records – Factors
• Instant access• Automatic transfer of data• 100% availability• Interface with other hospital systems• User friendly• Secure security semantics• Confidentiality• Integrity of system
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Computerized Records – Benefits
• Improved access to education resources• Decreased clinical errors• Reduced redundant data entry• Reduced duplicate testing• Improved data analysis• Improved record accessibility• Increased accountability for accurate and complete
records
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Computerized Records – Benefits
• Improved patient confidentiality and record security
• Consistent data presentation• Increased patient healthcare communications• Increased efficiency• Reduced operating costs
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Computerized Records – Benefits
• Frees up space for document storage• Reduced lost or misfiled documents• Improved workflow• Increased reimbursement turnaround time• Ensured backup and disaster recovery