Ch 8 Slide 1 Some hints about analysis First try to establish morphemes. If there is allomorphy,...

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 1

•Some hints about analysis

•First try to establish morphemes. If there is allomorphy, list all of the alternants (remember some morphemes don’t show up on the surface due to deletion). Then try to figure out what phonological thing is causing the alternation (phonological environments, etc). List the alternants and what the environment that they occur in. Then account for this alternation with phonological rules. Be sure to consider if there are multiple rules, do they interact? Do they need to be ordered? Need to answer why not if they don’t – don’t just say they don’t need to be ordered but prove that as much as if they do need to be ordered!

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 2

Rule application and derivation and order:

Feeding = Two rules are said to be in a feeding order if the earlier rule creates environments in which the later rule can apply.

Bleeding = If two rules, A and B, are in a bleeding order, the application of rule A causes a decrease in the number of forms to which rule B can apply. An example: suppose rule A changes some consonants from voiceless to voiced in some environments and rule B only applies to voiceless consonants. The application of rule A before rule B would mean that fewer forms are available for rule B to apply to.

Counter Feeding = The ordering of two phonological rules so that Rule A, which could provide contexts for the operation of Rule B, is prevented from doing so by being ordered after Rule B

Counter Bleeding = The ordering of two phonological rules so that Rule A, which could remove contexts in which Rule B operates, is prevented from doing so by being ordered after Rule B.

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic Analysis

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 3


Ch 8Ch 8Slide 4

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisMorphophonemic Analysis

1. Examine data and find morphemes

2. Find all alternating morphemes and id allomorphs

3. Within each allomorph, locate segments that alternate

4. Consider logical possibilities, set up underlying forms, so that each allomorph can be derived from underlying form via phonological rules.

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 5

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisMorphophonemic Analysis

1. Keep segments that do not alternate as underlying

2. Follow hypothesis about alternating segments – did it start out as A or B?

3. Be sure underlying is uniform for each of the paradigm

Don’t analyze in a direction opposite to that of a neutralization – like final obstruent devoicing, make sure that if you have a contrast in forms in certain environments but not others (end of word), then this environment is probably a neutralizing one and you should assume the underlying forms contrast

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 6

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisIsolation form is a good bet of the underlying morpheme for the stem – but not

always! See Lardil info below

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Should be [–anterior]

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What are the morphemes? What are the choices?

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But why those vowels? Deletion easier to explain than epenthesis!

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What’s the problem here? Show u~a alternation

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2nd is better because it doesn’t change wankan to wankun

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 14


Based on these data, we can say that final vowel lowering applied to both front and back high vowels

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 15


This alternation requires yet another rule:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 16

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisThese rules get us to this point:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 17


Another problem in more data: Where’d that k come from?

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 18


More problems:

Notice that we can explain all but uninflected – there is a zero final vowel that alternates with other forms of paradigm!

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 19


Another rule is needed – what is it? Again, deletion better than epenthesis, but need to make sure don’t delete final vowel in forms like:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 20


Leads us to this: papi doesn’t undergo Apocope because only 2 syllables = rule doesn’t apply

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 21


Now what happened to 2nd consonant and final vowel of stem???

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 22


Now what happened to 2nd consonant and final vowel of stem??? We’d expect:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 23

Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisALSO applies to underlying clusters without final vowel:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 24


We need following rule to explain:

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 25


Now what happened to this last consonant and vowel? Not a cluster, but must be deletion because couldn’t explain epenthesis of all these possibilities

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Ch 8 – Morphophonemic AnalysisRule X needs to account for these data and data below as well

Ch 8Ch 8Slide 27


But not these:

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The ones that stay are [-distributed] so we write the rule as:

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Why must they be ordered?

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feeds

feeds

Counterfed by

Bleeds, counterfed by

Ch 8 Slide 1 Some hints about analysis First try to establish morphemes. If there is allomorphy,...

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Transcript of Ch 8 Slide 1 Some hints about analysis First try to establish morphemes. If there is allomorphy,...