Ch. 8 Indian Empires

8/9/2019 Ch. 8 Indian Empires

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Indian Empires


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Geography

Subcontinent

Isolated, but not as much as

China

Himalayan Mts. (Kyber

pass

Indus and Ganges ri!ers

Indian "cean

Monsoons# good $or crops

but could also beunpredictable and

destructi!e (sounds li%e

&hat'


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e$ore the Empires ()** .C.E.

+i!erse peoples# go!ernment and

economy di$$ered $rom place to place


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ryans (-edic ge

$terduring the collapse o$ the Indus -alley, a group o$people %no& as the ryans mo!e in (c. /0** .C.E.

1here are they $rom'

Spo%e an Indo#ryan language

1arli%e "riginally nomadic# learn agriculture $rom +ra!idians

Set up a social hierarchy &ith themsel!es at the top

rayas2 3noble4

3In$iltrate4 Indian culture but do not create an empire


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Created literary epics

5ater &ritten in Sans%rit (originally oral only

Called the -edas (%no&ledge

"ther stories (Epic ge6

Mahabharata

7amayana

8panishads (epic poems

9hese are the roots o$ Indian Culture


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Caste System

ecause the ryans regarded the peoplethey con;uered as in$erior

Castes (Jatis# by occupation

rahmins (priests

Kshatriyas (&arriors

-aishyas (Merchants

Shudras (ser!erslaborers (an (out#caste


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8ntouchables


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Castes &ere hereditary

Most rigid social structure o$

an early ci!ili?ation

@ossible to change caste'

ased on -edic ge &ritings

"!er time becomes more

rigid and comple:

+i$$ered $rom region toregion

@urpose o$ Caste system'

ene$its o$ the Caste

system'


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Airst Empires

B** .C.E# India not yet uni$ied (/B

&arring states


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Maurya rulers created a strong centralMaurya rulers created a strong central

government. These rulers:government. These rulers:

The Maurya Empire

supervised the building of roads

and harbors. collected taxes and managed state-owned factories.

created royal courts.


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sho%a# 9he Most Honored King

sho%a &as Chandraguptas grandson

Starts o$$ ruthless

Con!erts to uddhism Sends missionaries

@illars

Impro!ed trade and communicationDstability


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+escribe the rise and importance o$ the

Mauryan Empire. (


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9h G


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9he Guptas


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e o en ge o eGuptas

Under the Guptas, India enjoyed aUnder the Guptas, India enjoyed aperiod of great cultural achievement.period of great cultural achievement.

2

!edicine"octors treated illnesses with

herbs# performed surgery# set

bro$en bones# and vaccinatedagainst smallpox. %ould not&


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e o en ge o eGuptas


2

!athematics!athematicians invented

system of numbers we use

today '(rabic) and developedthe decimal system and

concept of *ero.

e o en ge o e


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e o en ge o eGuptas


2

(rchitectureuilders designed magnificent

stone temples and dome-

shaped shrines called stupas.(rt

!ore styli*ed and abstract


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Mauryans and Guptas

compared oth control %ey economic aspects o$ societyD

trade routes etc.

1ealth goes to elites, as usual

Gupta &ere less centrali?ed

Mauryans (Hindu then uddhist

Guptas (7eturn to Hinduism

Maurya had larger empire

oth unite di!erse peoples under a single rule

A il 5i$


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Aamily 5i$e +he ideal was the joint family# in which extended

family all lived under one roof. +he family was patriarchal. +he father or oldest

male had absolute authority. ,amily wishes came before individual wishes.

arly on# children learned family duties# such asobedience of caste rules. arents had a duty to arrange good marriages for

their children# based on caste and family interests.

+he status and freedom of women decreased overtime. ( woman/s duties were to marry# obey her

husband# and raise children.

1h t th diti $ I di d i th G t


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1hat &as the condition o$ Indian &omen during the Gupta

Empire' 1hat important $actors a$$ected those &omens li!es'

Gupta literary &or%s re!eal 6

standing had declined noticeably since the -edic period. 9his decline &as due in large part to the emergence o$ a

nonagricultural middle class, &hich placed a high !alue on theac;uisition and inheritance o$ property.

1omen lost

the right to o&n and inherit property.

barred $rom participating in many religious ceremonies.

Marriage

(oung age practice intended to ensure that a &oman &ouldbeha!e according to her husbands &ishes.

7itual o$ Sati

9he most e:treme e:ample o$ Indian &omens position in &hicha &ido& &as e:pected to cremate hersel$ on her husbands

$uneral.

+i th th t l S th t i ti i t d i th


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+iscuss the &ays that early Southeast sia participated in the

&orld system.

5ocation

the strategic location o$ Southeast sia in the global traderoutes connecting China, India, and the Mediterranean. e:panded trade net&or%s and contributed goods 9he impressi!e na!igational s%ills riding the monsoon &inds and interpreting &a!e patterns,

clouds, s&ells, and &inds led them to e:plore the Indian and@aci$ic "ceans and %nit together the shores o$ India, East sia,and the islands o$ the @aci$ic.

7eligion Hinduuddhist culture ser!ed as a source o$ %no&ledge,

prestige, and legitimacy $or rulers 9hey $used Indian religious and political ideas and methods

&ith their o&n traditions to create a uni;ue culture. 5egacy

important role as a lin%age and contributor to the &orld systemby sailing and trading absorbing and sharing in the &orld

Ch. 8 Indian Empires

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