CH. 7 TIMES OF TURMOIL 1960s & 1970s. TOWARD SOCIAL CHANGE THE YOUTHQUAKE FEMINISM / RIGHTS BRA...
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Transcript of CH. 7 TIMES OF TURMOIL 1960s & 1970s. TOWARD SOCIAL CHANGE THE YOUTHQUAKE FEMINISM / RIGHTS BRA...
CH. 7CH. 7TIMES OF TURMOILTIMES OF TURMOIL
1960s & 1970s1960s & 1970s
TOWARD SOCIAL CHANGETOWARD SOCIAL CHANGE
THE YOUTHQUAKE
FEMINISM / RIGHTS
BRA BURNING
CHANGING SOCIAL VALUES
PM Trudeau’s Omnibus Bill 1969Civil LibertiesBasic Freedoms
1960
Right to Vote1960 1969 White Paper
Ab. Rights & veto Indian Act
ABORIGINAL CHANGES
White Paper abondoned forRed Paper – Self Gov’t,
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENTPOLITICS AND GOVERNMENTTHE PRIME MINISTERS
DIEFENBAKER
P.C. / 1957-63
PEARSON
Liberal / 1963-68
TRUDEAU
Lib. 1968-79;80-84
Unhyphanated Canadianism
Nationalism / Brt. Ties
Human Rights –> Can. Bill
of Rights
Women in Cabinet.
Aboriginal: Senator/ Vote
French felt excluded
Appealed to: young, urban,
central Canada
Severe ties with Brt.
Fr / Eng compromise
Modernize Canada
Abolish Capital Punishment
Easier divorce laws.
Canadian Flag – 1965
Social Welfare – UI, Fam. Allowance, CPP, Medical Care Act (Tommy Douglas)
Promoted bilingual Canada
The Person: French, young,
hip,witty, Vette, celebrity,
‘salute’, ‘Trudeaumania’
Beliefs:Federalist, freedoms,
gov’t foster economy,
Official Lang. Act
Can.= Bilingual Country‘A Just Society’/ Not ‘Distinct’
AGAINST SEPARATION
- fought FLQ
- October Crisis (Cross &
Laporte)
- War Measures Act
QUEBEC
LESAGE ‘Time for a change’
No corruption / Yes to merit Quiet Revolution
Modernize – economy, pol., ed., & culture.
(Church decline)
SEPARATISM Based Fr. Injustice?? A separate Fr. State.
FLQ gained support
PARTI QUEBECOIS (PQ) – 1967 LEVESQUE – Quebec / Can. Divorce
BOURASSA - 1970BILL 22 – Fr. = only lang.Forced many Eng. Out of
prov.
LEVESQUE – 1976BILL 101
Fr. Lang., ed., signsEng felt 101= oppression
ECONOMIC CHALLENGESECONOMIC CHALLENGES INFLATION
– Organ. Of Petro. Exporting Countries (OPEC) 1973 = Israeli / Arab war (Can & US sided with Isreal) Oil embargo = 400% increase. The price on all goods rose.
– Workers wanted higher wages – inflation up.– Dual income families became the norm.
REGIONALISM– REGIONAL DISPARITY
Resource provinces hit hardest / ‘Hav’ ; ‘Have-nots’ Trudeau tried to help with social programs - resentments
– WESTERN ALIENATION The west felt Trudeau’s policies favoutred east.
– Alberta oil prices fixed by gov’t – they wanted to increase to world levels.– Nat. Energy Program (NEP) to help oil issues.
EXPANDING HORIZONS– Trudeau tried to diversify from Amer. Dominated trade.
Limited success. THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT
– The start of environmental awareness (1962) Air, water, soil, pollution = headlines Pesticides – DDT / business was slow to get on board
A MORE INDEPENDENT A MORE INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL POLICYINTERNATIONAL POLICY
World events put the USA and Canada at odds; even the PMs & presidents disliked one another (Diefenbaler/Kennedy, Pearson/Johnson, & Trudeau/Nixon).
THE ISSUES
NUCLEAR WEAPONSMuch of Canada was against US nukes
Appreciated the American defence & feared Anti-nuke attitude may affect trade relations.
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS- Castro booted Pro-U.S. dictator.- US Bay of Pigs invasion = failure.- Cuba got nuke help from Soviets.- The world on brink of war.- A last minute deal reached.
-No nukes for Cuban safety.- US imposed sanctions on Cuba & expected Can. to follow.Diefenbaker was slow – hurt Can./US relations.
THE VIETNAM WAR-Like Korea, N (Com.). & S. (Democratic ??) divided.-US feared the ‘Domino Effect’ –1st advised then troops
-USSR & China supplied the North =>Tet Offensive -TV outraged Americans & war = controversial.- US angry with lack of Canadian support.
-‘Draft dodgers’ came to Canada - Canadian gov’t = neutral to war- Johnson spoke out against US bombing campaign
TRUDEAU’S FOREIGN POLICY-Recognized Communist gov’t of China.-Revisted Pearson’s US/Canada defence partnershipNote – In 1984 Trudeau = Peace prize for easing Cold War tensions
OTHER KEY EVENTS: CIDA (help underdeveloped),
1979 USSR into Afghanistan (increased Cold War/1980 Olympics boycott)