Ch. 7, Sec. 3—A New Ch. 7, Sec. 3—A New Plan of GovernmentPlan of Government

Be familiar with the roots of Be familiar with the roots of the Constitution.the Constitution.Know how the Constitution Know how the Constitution limits the power of limits the power of government.government.

Roots of the ConstitutionRoots of the Constitution Took ______ months to finalize new Constitution.Took ______ months to finalize new Constitution. Many ideas in the Constitution came from study of Many ideas in the Constitution came from study of

European political institutions and political writers.European political institutions and political writers. Framers of Const. were familiar with Framers of Const. were familiar with

_____________________ system of Britain._____________________ system of Britain. Valued individual rights guaranteed by British judicial system.Valued individual rights guaranteed by British judicial system.

The ______________________ provided an important model The ______________________ provided an important model for Americans.for Americans.

Placed limits of power on the monarch in 1215.Placed limits of power on the monarch in 1215. King had to rely on English Parliament to help make decisions King had to rely on English Parliament to help make decisions

concerning colony’s funds.concerning colony’s funds. English Bill of Rights guaranteed individual rights English Bill of Rights guaranteed individual rights

(judicial system protected those rights).(judicial system protected those rights). Framers got many ideas from the Framers got many ideas from the

________________________________.________________________________. Promoted knowledge, reason, and science as means to improve society.Promoted knowledge, reason, and science as means to improve society.

Enlightenment thinkingEnlightenment thinking Two key figures emerge: _____________________ and Two key figures emerge: _____________________ and

Baron de Montesquieu.Baron de Montesquieu. LockeLocke—English philosopher who said people have —English philosopher who said people have

__________________________.__________________________. Include: life, liberty, and property.Include: life, liberty, and property. Govt. based on agreement, or contract, between people and Govt. based on agreement, or contract, between people and

rulerruler Constitution was contract between people & their govt.Constitution was contract between people & their govt. Contract protected people’s rights by limiting govt.’s power.Contract protected people’s rights by limiting govt.’s power.

MontesquieuMontesquieu—power of govt. should be —power of govt. should be _________________ and __________________ against each _________________ and __________________ against each other.other. Separation would keep one person or group from becoming Separation would keep one person or group from becoming

too powerful.too powerful. Powers of govt. should be clearly defined and limited to Powers of govt. should be clearly defined and limited to

prevent abuse.prevent abuse. Framers carefully specified powers of govt.Framers carefully specified powers of govt.

The Federal SystemThe Federal System Federal System divided power between Federal System divided power between

_______________ (federal) govt. and states._______________ (federal) govt. and states. Shared powers = states gave up some power to fed. Shared powers = states gave up some power to fed.

Govt. while keeping other powers.Govt. while keeping other powers. _____________________--sharing power _____________________--sharing power

between federal & state govts.between federal & state govts. Constitution Constitution and laws passed by and laws passed by

Congress become “the supreme law of Congress become “the supreme law of the land.”the land.”

No state could make laws that went No state could make laws that went against the Constitution. against the Constitution.

Organization of GovernmentOrganization of Government Framers liked Montesquieu’s idea of Framers liked Montesquieu’s idea of

division of powers, so they divided federal division of powers, so they divided federal govt. into 3 branches: govt. into 3 branches:

1.1. __________________________________________________2.2. __________________________________________________3.3. __________________________________________________

Most distinctive feature about U.S. govt. is Most distinctive feature about U.S. govt. is the separation of powers. the separation of powers.

Const. divides power among 3 branches. Const. divides power among 3 branches. To keep any one branch from getting too To keep any one branch from getting too

much power, they built in a system of much power, they built in a system of _____________________________. Each branch _____________________________. Each branch has roles to check or limit others. has roles to check or limit others.

Constitutional debateConstitutional debate To approve Const., ____ of 13 states had to To approve Const., ____ of 13 states had to

ratifyratify it. it. RatifyRatify----

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.__________.

States held ratifying conventions.States held ratifying conventions. R.I. did not participate—they opposed Const. from R.I. did not participate—they opposed Const. from

beginning.beginning. 2 groups emerged from new Const.:2 groups emerged from new Const.:

1.1. __________________--supporters of the new Constitution.__________________--supporters of the new Constitution. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, John George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, John

Jay, and Alexander Hamilton.Jay, and Alexander Hamilton.2.2. ________________________--opposed ratification of new ________________________--opposed ratification of new

Constitution.Constitution. Patrick HenryPatrick Henry

Federalists vs. Anti-federalistsFederalists vs. Anti-federalists FederalistsFederalists—feared disorder w/o strong fed. —feared disorder w/o strong fed.

govt. (prevent occurrences like Shays’s govt. (prevent occurrences like Shays’s Rebellion).Rebellion).

Looked to Const. to create nat’l govt. capable of Looked to Const. to create nat’l govt. capable of keeping order.keeping order.

Madison, Jay, & Hamilton wrote series of essays Madison, Jay, & Hamilton wrote series of essays defending Constitution called defending Constitution called TheThe ___________________ ___________________ PapersPapers..

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists—feared new Const. would —feared new Const. would take away liberties that Americans fought to take away liberties that Americans fought to win.win.

Creation of strong central govt. would ignore will of Creation of strong central govt. would ignore will of the states and the people.the states and the people.

They wanted a ___________________________! They wanted a ___________________________!

Adopting the constitutionAdopting the constitution __________________ was first to ratify Const. on Dec. 7, __________________ was first to ratify Const. on Dec. 7,

1787.1787. __________________________ was 9__________________________ was 9thth state to ratify on state to ratify on

June 21, 1788June 21, 1788.. Rhode Island last state to ratify Const. in May 1790.Rhode Island last state to ratify Const. in May 1790. People like Patrick Henry gave speeches against People like Patrick Henry gave speeches against

Const., stating it did not limit power of federal govt. Const., stating it did not limit power of federal govt. enough.enough.

Framers assured states that Const. would include a Framers assured states that Const. would include a bill of rights amendment.bill of rights amendment.

AmendmentAmendment----____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.______.

Bill of Rights would end up being added in ___________.Bill of Rights would end up being added in ___________.