Ch. 7- Plasma Membrane *Transport* · Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane When...
Transcript of Ch. 7- Plasma Membrane *Transport* · Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane When...
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Ch. 7- Plasma Membrane
*Transport*
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Selectively permeable (or semi-permeable)
Materials move based on:
Size
Polarity
Remember: Like dissolves like!
Relation to the membrane?
Membrane Transport
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Membrane review!
Don’t forget… it’s fluid!
Cholesterol
Kinked tails
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Hydrophobic core of membrane:
Hydrophobic molecules cross easily
Ex: CO2, O2 <-- why?
Very small, hydrophilic molecules pass between phospholipids
Ex. H2O
Large, hydrophilic molecules must use protein channels
Ex. glucose
Membrane Transport
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Comparing Non polar & Polar Molecules
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Cell does not use energy
Diffusion
Movement of molecules down concentration gradient (high to low)
Goal is equilibrium
Ex. Oxygen moving into cell during respiration
Passive Transport
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Osmosis
Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane
When comparing two solutions:
Hypertonic = Higher concentration of solutes, less H2O
Isotonic= Equal concentration of solutes
Hypotonic= Lower concentration of solutes, more H2O
Water moves from hypo- to hypertonic solution
Passive Transport
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Solution Basics
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Osmosis in Red Blood Cells
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Hypertonic
Plasmolysis
Osmosis in Plant Cells
Isotonic
Flaccid
*Desire hypotonic environment= turgid
Support = turgor pressure
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Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion of polar molecules and ions with help of transport proteins
Movement is still going down concentration gradient
Transport proteins are similar to enzymes:
Specialized
Can be saturated
Can be inhibited
Passive Transport
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Gated channels= Transport proteins that must be stimulated to open or close
Facilitated Diffusion- Gated Channels
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Ultimate Goal
Ultimate goal of all passive transport is to achieve EQUILIBRIUM
Dynamic; not static
Substances are always moving, but there should be no net (overall) change
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Movement of molecules against concentration gradient (low to high)
Cell must use energy (ATP)
Active Transport
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
Cells have less Na+ and more K+ than surrounding environment
How? Proteins use ATP to pump Na+ out and K+ in
3 Na+ out
2 K+ in
Process maintains electrical charge across membrane --> membrane potential
cytoplasm has a (-) charge
Active Transport
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Phosphorylation
How does ATP actually drive this process?
Phosphorylation!
Remember: ATP —> ADP + P
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Phosphorylation
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Active Transport- Bulk
Exocytosis (Out)
Example: Secreting insulin
Endocytosis (In)
Phagocytosis: Particles (eating)
Pinocytosis: Fluid (drinking)
Receptor-mediated endocytosis: Absorption of molecules based upon receptors in membrane
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Exocytosis
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Endocytosis