CH 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. What is the equation for photosynthesis? What do plants need? What do...
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Transcript of CH 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. What is the equation for photosynthesis? What do plants need? What do...
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CH 7 CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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What is the equation for photosynthesis? What do plants need? What do plants make?
If this is what plants do to make sugar… what do we do once we’ve eaten that sugar? What do YOU need? What do YOU make?
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7-1: Glycolysis and fermentation Cellular respiration: complex process
by which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
Heterotrophs must do this to obtain energy
Do autotrophs? Yup!
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Overview
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Overview
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration
The products of cellular respiration are the reactants for photosynthesis
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Cellular respiration
Oxygen present:
Aerobic respiration
Oxygen not present:
Anaerobic respiration
•A process with options•Glycolysis always happens first•What happens next depends on Oxygen
Or…
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Page 132
Copy figure 7-2 in your notebooks. Be sure to include labels
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Glycolysis
6-C Glucose broken into 2 3-C Pyruvic acid In the process we invest:
2 ATP In the process we create:
4 ATP 2 NADH
NADH? Familiar? Another high energy electron shuttle This is an ANAEROBIC process (?)
Does not require oxygen
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What happens next depends on oxygen…
Aerobic respiration
If Oxygen present, Pyruvic acid
broken down to produce more NADH
NADH is used to make ATP
Anaerobic respiration (fermentation)
If oxygen is not present,
Pyruvic acid enters another cycle
Combination of glycolysis and anaerobic fermentation is called fermentation
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Fermentation
When oxygen is not present (anaerobic conditions)
Pyruvic acid converted to other compounds In cytoplasm Fermentation: Glycolysis + regeneration of
NAD+
Does not produce ATP Fermentation reproduces NAD+ so ATP can be
gained through continual glycolysis If NAD+ not regenerated no glycolysis no ATP
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Alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvic acid converted to ethanol yeast bacteria Bread Wine, beer
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Lactic acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid converted to Lactic acid Cheeses Yogurt Cultivated dairy products Makes muscles sore after strenuous
workout
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Review
Glycolysis Glucose 2x pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, & 2 ATP
Fermentation (oxygen not present) Alcoholic
Pyruvic acid ethanol + NAD+, & CO2
Lactic acid Pyruvic acid lactic acid + NAD+
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Aerobic respiration
Pathway of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Produces 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone
Two major stages (both occur in the mitochondria)
1. Krebs cycle2. Electron transport chain
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Mitochondria
Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) diffuses into mitochondrial matrix
Krebs Mit. Matrix ETC Inner
membrane
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Before krebs
Pyruvic acid converted to acetyl CoA in matrix
Releases CO2 Creates NADH
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Krebs cycle
Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citric acid
Citric acid is broken down two times Each time we break off a piece from
citric acid, we make: CO2, NADH, and FADH2 (same function as
NADH)
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So far we have made…
A bunch of high energy electron carriers NADH (glycolysis and krebs) FADH2 (Krebs)
A little ATP (glycolysis[2] and krebs[2]) CO2 (krebs) But the whole point of cellular respiration
is to make ATP So… now we turn to the……
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Electron transport chain
Series of proteins that transfer electrons Location: inner mitochondrial membrane H+ and e- removed from NADH and
FADH2 in the presence of O2 to make ATP
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ETC
1. H+ and e- removed from NADH and FADH2
2. e- moved through chain & lose energy3. Energy used to pump H+ from matrix into
inner membrane space 1. Creates concentration gradient of H+ across
inner mebrane
4. Gradient used to make ATP as H+ move through ATP synthase
5. O2 is final e- acceptor at end of ETC1. e- + H+ +O2 = H2O
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Importance of Oxygen
ATP can only be made as long as e- move through ETC
w/o oxygen, e- transport stops
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Efficiency of aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
Number of ATP produced in Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration:
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Efficiency of aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration 38 (glycolysis + krebs + ETC)
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
2 (glycolysis only)
Number of ATP produced in Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration:
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Summary of cellular respiration Draw figure 7-14 on page 143 Fill in table belowReaction Inputs Outputs Location
Gylcolysis
Pyruvic acid acetyl CoA
Krebs
ETC
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Anaerobic pathway: Input Output Example organism
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation