Ch. 6 - Bridgesleaman.org/wireless/mod6-Bridges.pdfRick Graziani [email protected] 2 •...
Transcript of Ch. 6 - Bridgesleaman.org/wireless/mod6-Bridges.pdfRick Graziani [email protected] 2 •...
Ch. 6 - Bridges
Cisco Fundamentals of Wireless LANs version 1.1Cisco Fundamentals of Wireless LANs version 1.1
Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College
Overview
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• Designed to connect two or more networks, typically located in different buildings, wireless bridges deliver high data rates and superior throughput for data-intensive, line-of-sight applications.
• The bridges connect hard-to-wire sites, noncontiguous floors, satellite offices, school or corporate campus settings, temporary networks, and warehouses.
• The high-speed links between the wireless bridges deliver throughput many times faster than E1/T1 lines for a fraction of the cost, thus eliminating the need for expensive leased lines or difficult-to-install fiber-optic cable.
802.11a
Bridge Connection
Bridging Defined
• Bridges are used
to connect two or
more wired LAN’s,
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more wired LAN’s,
usually located
within separate
buildings, to create
one large LAN.
Technology Comparisons
TechnologyTechnology Installation Cost
Installation Cost
Monthly Cost (USD)
Monthly Cost (USD)
Dialup or 56K
Dialup or 56K
$25 to $50$25 to $50$0 to $250$0 to $250
Barriers to ImplementBarriers to Implement
Remote locationsRemote
locations
Cable/DSLCable/DSL $0 to $250+$0 to $250+ $25 to $150$25 to $150 ReliabilityReliability
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Recurring CostRecurring CostE1, T1E1, T1
FiberFiberPhysical
obstructionsPhysical
obstructions
$250 to $1,000+$250 to $1,000+ $400 to $1000+$400 to $1000+ AvailabilityAvailability
$5,000 to $200,000+$5,000 to $200,000+ $0$0
MicrowaveMicrowave Licensing, Weather
Licensing, Weather
$15,000+$15,000+ $0$0
802.11802.11 $2,000 to $15,000
$2,000 to $15,000 $0$0 InterferenceInterference
Monthly Leased Line OpEx
2 DS1: $600
1 DS3: $5000
TOTAL: $5600
RBOC
DS3
DS1
DS1
Traditional WAN Connectivity
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RBOC provides guaranteed level of service via a Service Level Agreement (SLA)
DS3
New remote office
- No DS1 connection available
Monthly Line Cost
2 DS1: $600
1 Fractional DS3: $3000
TOTAL: $3600
RBOC
2 Mbps
802.11b Connectivity
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Wireless Installation Cost
7 350 Series Bridges Installed: $12,500 USD
Pay Back Period: 3 months
New building connected
Self managed
22 Mbps
2 Mbps
5 Mbps
Monthly Line Cost
2 DS1: $600
1 DS3: $5000
TOTAL: $5600
RBOC
14 Mbps
802.11a Connectivity
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Wireless Installation Cost
7 1400 Series Bridges Installed: $40,000 USD
Pay Back Period: 8 months
New building connected
Self managed
50 Mbps
14 Mbps
27 Mbps
Role in Radio Network
• Role in Radio Network
– Determines functionality within WLAN
– Determines which
File Server
BridgeBridgeWorkgroup
BridgeWorkgroup
Bridge
Bridge
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– Determines which type of clients will be supported Access PointAccess Point
PC CardPC CardPCI CardPCI Card
Introduction
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• The BR350 is sometimes called the multifunction bridge.
Bridges
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• Cisco bridges can be controlled and configured though command line and Web interfaces.
• Management can also be done through traditional protocols like SNMP.
Bridge roles in the network
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• The Cisco bridges can be configured to operate in different modes.
• The BR350, or multifunction bridge, has the same receiver sensitivity, power
levels, and capabilities, as the Cisco Aironet APs with .11b radio chips.
Parent-Child Relationship: Root - Non-Root
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Bridge roles in the network
Root Access Point
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• Root Access Point—Use this setting to set up the bridge as a rugged access point connected to the wired LAN. When you select Access Point, the bridge's Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) function is disabled.
Bridge roles in the network
Root Bridge
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• Root bridge—One bridge in each group of bridges must be set as the root bridge. A root bridge can only communicate with non-root bridges and other client devices and cannot associate with another root bridge.
Bridge roles in the network
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• Non-Root Bridge w/Clients—Use this setting for non-root bridges that will accept associations from client devices, and for bridges acting as repeaters. Non-root bridges can communicate with other non-root bridges, root bridges, and client devices.
Non-Root Bridge with Clients
Bridge roles in the network
Non-Root Bridge without Clients
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• Non-Root Bridge w/o Clients—Use this setting for non-root bridges that should not accept associations from client devices. A bridge set to Non-Root Bridge w/o Clients will only communicate with a root or non-root bridge.
Bridge roles in the network
Repeater Access Point
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• Repeater Access Point—Use this setting to set up the bridge as a rugged repeater access point. A repeater access point is not connected to the wired LAN; it is placed within radio range of an access point connected to the wired LAN to extend the range of your infrastructure or to overcome an obstacle that blocks radio communication. When you select Repeater Access Point, the bridge's STP function is disabled.
Power Options
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Distances Limited by 802.11 Specification
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BR350—Front Cover LED’s
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802.11b Bridge
Bridge ModelBridge Model
BR350BR350
Data Rate Data Rate
11 Mbps11 Mbps
11 Mbps11 Mbps
20.5 33.0 20.5 33.0
32.7 52.532.7 52.5
21 dBi Dish21 dBi Dish
Max. Distance
Miles Km
Max. Distance
Miles Km
Optional Antenna Optional Antenna
Standard Cable (6.7 dB/100 ft. loss)
(6.7 dB/30.5 m)
Standard Cable (6.7 dB/100 ft. loss)
(6.7 dB/30.5 m)
21 dBi Dish21 dBi Dish
50 ft (15.2m)/side50 ft (15.2m)/side
20 ft (6.1m)/side20 ft (6.1m)/side
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BR350BR350
Note: Distances over 25 miles or 40 Km are very hard to align and install!
51.7 83.251.7 83.2
32.6 52.432.6 52.4
41.0 66.041.0 66.02 Mbps2 Mbps
5.5 Mbps5.5 Mbps
1 Mbps1 Mbps
21 dBi Dish21 dBi Dish
21 dBi Dish21 dBi Dish
21 dBi Dish21 dBi Dish
50 ft (15.2m)/side50 ft (15.2m)/side
50 ft (15.2m)/side50 ft (15.2m)/side
50 ft (15.2m)/side50 ft (15.2m)/side
802.11b Common Questions
Cisco Aironet BridgeCisco Aironet Bridge How Fast?How Fast?
Max data rateMax data rate 11 Mbps11 Mbps
5.5 Mbps5.5 Mbps
How Far? How Far?
Typical throughputTypical throughput
2 Mbps2 Mbps
1.4 Mbps1.4 Mbps
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20.5 Miles 33 Km20.5 Miles 33 Km
3.6 Miles 5.8 Km3.6 Miles 5.8 Km
How Far? How Far?
Yagi antennaYagi antenna 7.3 miles 11.7 Km7.3 miles 11.7 Km
25+ miles 40+ Km25+ miles 40+ Km
Dish antennaDish antenna
Note: All distances may be limited by governing bodies and standards.
Optional 2.4GHz Antennas for Long Range
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• 13.5 dBi YagiDistances over
7.3 miles @ 2 Mbps11.7 Km @ 2 Mbps3.6 miles @ 11 Mbps5.8 Km @ 11 Mbps
• 21 dBi Solid DishFor distances up to
25+ miles @ 2 Mbps40+ Km @ 2 Mbps 20.5 miles @ 11 Mbps33 Km @ 11 Mbps
Note: Distances include 50 feet of low loss cable and 10 dB fade margin
802.11b Bridge Application: School District
RichardsonElementaryYagi
RobertsMiddle SchoolDish
Weaver-Special EducationDish
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LincolnElementaryYagi
BodeElementaryYagi
PriceElementaryYagi
Dewitt ElementaryYagi
BolichMiddle SchoolYagi
High School 2 BridgesOne 12 dBi omniOne Dish Administration
2 BridgesOne 12 dBi omniOne Yagi
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
Channel #11
Channel #6
Channel #1
Lightning
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Lightning Arrestor
• Designed to protect LAN
devices from static
electricity and lightning
To Antenna
Lug
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electricity and lightning
surges that travel on coax
transmission lines
• RP-TNC connectors used
on all Cisco Antennas
Ground Wire
From RF Device
Lug
Lockwasher
Nut
Direct Strike Protection
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Coax Connection Sealing
• Number one problems with
bridges - water in the
connectors
• Proper sealing
is important
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is important
• Coax Seal is one product
that is inexpensive and
works great
Path Loss Considerations
The following are needed to determine coverage · Antenna Gain· Transmitter Power· Receiver Performance· Cable Losses· Environmental Structures
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· Environmental Structures
Calculations of Coverage Performance
Coax Length100 ft (30.5 m)?
Towers needed to clear trees andother buildings
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Coax Length150 ft (45.7)?
Wants 11 Mbps data rateDistance = 13 miles (20.9 Km)
LED indicators
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• When the bridge is powering on, all three LEDs normally blink.
• After bootup, the colors of the LEDs represent the following:
– Green LEDs indicate normal activity.
– Amber LEDs indicate errors or warnings.
– Red LEDs mean the unit is not operating correctly or is being upgraded.
Connecting to the Bridge
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• There are 3 basic GUI interfaces depending on the bridge image:
– IOS 1400
– VxWorks BR350
– SOS WGB350
1400 with IOS GUI
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BR350 with VxWorks GUI
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WGB350 with SOS GUI ad SOS Menu
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Resetting the Bridge
• Resetting the Cisco bridges depends on the model.
• The BR350, can be reset via the console, telnet, or browser
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• The BR350, can be reset via the console, telnet, or browser connection.
– If the password is unknown, then the console reset method is required.
– The console port on the BR350.
– The :resetall command can be used after rebooting the bridge, however the command must be entered within 2 minutes of rebooting.
• The 350 Series Workgroup Bridge or the 1400 series bridge can be reset to default values via the Reset button, telnet, or browser connection.
Default Settings for BR350 and 1400
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Default Settings for WGB 350
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Basic Configuration
Will will not use or discuss all of the configuration Will will not use or discuss all of the configuration
options and features.
BR350 Home Page (Summary Status)
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BR350 Map Link
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• The Map link opens the Map window, which contains links to every management page.
• The Map window can be used to jump quickly to any system management page, or to a map of the entire wireless network
BR350 Network Link
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BR350 Associations Link
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BR350 Setup Link
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• The Setup link displays the Setup page, which contains links to the management pages with configuration settings.
BR350 Logs Link
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BR350 - Basic Configuration
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• Connect just like an AP, suggest wired GUI.
• Remember to set the IP address on your Ethernet NIC.
Root Bridge and Non-Root Bridges
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Non-Root Bridge without ClientsRepeater Bridge
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Bridge as Root Access Point
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Bridge as Repeater Access Point
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Root Radio Identification configuration
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• The current IP subnet mask displayed under the setting shows the IP subnet mask currently assigned to the bridge. This is the same subnet mask as the default subnet mask unless DHCP or BOOTP is enabled. If DHCP or BOOTP is enabled, this is the subnet mask used by the DHCP or BOOTP server.
• You can also enter this setting on the Express Setup page.
Root Radio Identification Page
• Primary Port Settings: Two options allow for the designation of the radio port as the primary port on the bridge:
• Primary Port? The primary port determines the MAC and IP addresses of the bridge.
– The default primary port of the bridge is the Ethernet port.
– The Ethernet port is connected to the wired LAN, so this setting is
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– The Ethernet port is connected to the wired LAN, so this setting is usually set to no.
– Select no to set the Ethernet port as the primary port.
– Select yes to set the radio port as the primary port.
• Adopt Primary Port Identity?
– Select yes, to adopt the primary port MAC and IP addresses for the radio port.
– Select no to use different MAC and IP addresses for the radio port. Bridges acting as root units adopt the primary port settings for the radio port.
• When putting a bridge in standby mode, select no for this setting.
Root Radio Hardware configuration
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Ethernet Identification configuration
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• Addressing is similar to Root Radio options
Ethernet Hardware configuration
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Ethernet Hardware configuration
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Configuring time services
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Configuring boot services
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Configuring name services
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Configuring routing services
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Configuring routing services
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• Manage Installation Keys is used to read specifications of the software license and to install a new license.
• Manage System Configuration is used to restart the device, download a configuration file, or reset settings to factory defaults.
• Distribute Configuration to other Cisco Devices is used to send the configuration of the device to other Cisco Aironet devices on the network.
• Distribute Firmware to other Cisco Devices is used to send a new firmware version to other Cisco Aironet devices on the network.
CDP
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Distribute Firmware to Other Cisco Devices
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Hot Standby Management
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1400 Series Bridge
801.11a wireless bridge801.11a wireless bridge
Overview
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• The Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge is a high-performance 801.11a wireless bridge designed to connect multiple LANs in a metropolitan area.
• Designed to be a cost-effective alternative to leased lines, it is engineered specifically for harsh outdoor environments . The features of the 1400 include:
Overview
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• Support for both point-to-point or point-to-multipoint configurations
• Support data rates up to 54 Mbps
• Enhanced security mechanisms based on 802.11i standards
• Rugged enclosure optimized for harsh outdoor environments with extended operating temperature range
• Integrated or optional external antennas for flexibility in deployment
Overview
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• Data rates of 54 Mbps can be enabled for point-to-point links up to 7.5 miles, and for point-to-multipoint links up to 2 miles.
• Aggregate throughput can be obtained in excess of 28 Mbps.
• Also, by using higher gain antennas or lower data rates, ranges in excess of 20 miles point-to-point can be covered.
Models and options
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• There are two options for ordering the Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge:
– Cisco Aironet 1410 Wireless Bridge with 22.5 dBi Antenna, FCC Config
– Cisco Aironet 1410 Wireless Bridge with N-Type Connector, FCC Config
Models and options
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Components and accessories
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Cisco Aironet Power Injector
Mounting Kit
IOS features
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802.11a Bridge
Bridge ModelBridge Model
14001400
Data Rate Data Rate
54 Mbps54 Mbps
9 Mbps9 Mbps
12 xx.0 12 xx.0
23 xx23 xx
28 dBi Dish28 dBi Dish
Max. Distance
Miles Km
Max. Distance
Miles Km
Optional Antenna Optional Antenna
28 dBi Dish28 dBi Dish
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14001400
Note: Distances over 25 miles or 40 Km are very hard to align and install!
7.5 xx7.5 xx
9 xx9 xx16 Mbps16 Mbps
54 Mbps54 Mbps 22 dBi Int.22 dBi Int.
22 dBi Int.22 dBi Int.
Optional 5GHz Antennas for Long Range
• Network configurations
–Point to point
–Point to multi-point
• Roof, pole, and wall mounting options
• 9.5 dBi sector (H or V
polarization)
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mounting options
• 5.8 GHz Unlicensed Band Operation
–Rapid deployment and re-commissioning
• Operating temp range: -30 to +55
oC
• Humidity: 0 to 100%
• 9 dBi omni (Vertical polarization)
• 28 dBi dish (H or V
polarization)
Bridge Range Calculation Utility
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Bridge Distance Calculations (cont.)
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Bridge Distance Calculations (cont.)
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Ch. 6 - Bridges
Cisco Fundamentals of Wireless LANs version 1.1Cisco Fundamentals of Wireless LANs version 1.1
Rick Graziani
Cabrillo College