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Ch 6. Chemical Composition - Laney College · 8/30/2017 · The Mole • In laboratories, large...
Transcript of Ch 6. Chemical Composition - Laney College · 8/30/2017 · The Mole • In laboratories, large...
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Ch 6. Chemical Composition
Chem 30A
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The Mole
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The Mole • Inlaboratories,largenumbersofatomsareusedforexperiments,soscien6stsmadeupaunittoavoidusingverylargenumbers:mole(mol)
• Themoleisaunitofmeasure:1dozen=121gross=1441mole=6.02214x1023
Avogadro’snumber(NA)
1dozeneggs=12eggs1moleeggs=6.02214x1023eggsàhugenumber!
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The Mole
Themoleisusefulforcoun6ngatoms,molecules,andions.
• 1molof12Catoms=6.022x102312Catoms• 1molofH2Omolecules=6.022x1023H2Omolecules• 1molofNO3
-ions=6.022x1023NO3-ions
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Converting Between Moles and # of Particles
6.022x1023par6cles/mol
moles numberofpar6cles
ExProbs
(Canbeatoms,ions,ormolecules)
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Where Did Avogadro’s Number Come From?
• Itwasmeasured!
• Thevalueofthemole(Avogadro’snumber,NA)isbasedon12Cstandard:
NA=thenumberofatomsinexactly12gof12C =6.02214x1023
Sobydefini6on:1molof12Catomshasamassof12g.
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Relationship Between amu/atom and g/mole
• Bydefn:1atomof12Chasamassof12amu.• Bydefn:1moleof12Chasamassof12g.
• So,massof12C=
atomicmass molarmass• Molarmass:themassofonemoleofasubstance
[g/mol]
12 amu and 12 g atom mol
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Relationship Between Atomic Mass and Molar Mass
1 amu = 1 g atom mol
#atomicmass[amu] = #molarmass[g]
Becausetheatomicmassesofallotherelementsarerela6vetoatomicmassof12C,thisrela6onshipbetweenatomicmassandmolarmassistrueforeveryelement.
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Atomic Mass [amu] = Molar Mass [g]
Substance AtomicMass MolarMassC 12.01amu/atom 12.01g/molMg 24.30amu/atom 24.30g/molO 16.00amu/atom 16.00g/molAg 107.87amu/atom 107.87g/molHe 4.00amu/atom 4.00g/mol
Nowweknowthemolarmassofanatombylookingattheperiodictable!
Similarly,formolecules:formulamass[amu]=molarmass[g]
ExProbs
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Converting Between Moles and Mass
Wecanusethemolarmass(g/mol)toconvertbetweenthemolesofpar6clesandthemass(ing)ofasubstance:
molarmass(g/mol)
gramsofsample
molesofsample
ExProbs
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Grams-Moles-Number of Particles Conversions
ExProbs
molarmass[g/mol]
6.02x1023par6cles/mol
grams moles No.ofpar6cles
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Amounts of an Element in a Compound
ChemicalFormulasasConversionFactors• Findmoleselementingivenmolesofcompound.
– Howmanymolesofcarbonarein0.245moleofC6H12O6?
• Findgramsofelementingivengramsofcompound.– Howmanygramsofcarbonarein1.50gofC6H12O6?
ExProbs
*Mustgothroughmolerela6onship:molofelement molofcompound
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Mass Percent Composition of Compounds
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Mass Percent Composition
• Massfrac6onofanelementinacompound= massofanelement massofcompound inasampleofcompound• Masspercent=massfrac6onx100
Exprobs
• Masspercentofanelementinacompound= massofanelementincompoundsamplex100massofacompoundincompoundsample
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Mass Percent from Chemical Formula
• Massfrac6onofanelementinacompound=
massofanelementmassofcompoundin1moleofcompound• Masspercent=massfrac6onx100
Exprobs
• Masspercentofanelementinacompound= massofanelementin1molofcompoundx100massof1molofcompound
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Mass Percent of an Element in a Compound
ChemicalFormula
MassofelementandMassofcompoundinaGivensample
Mass%ofelementInCompound