CH. 6 BC TO 1896

CH. 6BC TO 1896

CH. 6BC TO 1896

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Canada 1871



THE OREGON TERRITORYTHE OREGON TERRITORY

The HBC saw the Oregon area as HBC land. HBC wanted pelts NOT settlement.

49th Parallel dividedthe US from BNA.This ended at the Rockies.

Russia was the first to Use and lay claim to theWest Coast for seal Pelts. Gave up this right for food supply and the Brt. established their floating

fort called “The Beaver”

The US felt they had claim to all the west Coast and wanted to expand western settlement. “MANIFEST DESTINY”

POLK’s - 54’40” or Fight”





THE OREGON TERRITORYTHE OREGON TERRITORYQuickTime™ and a

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George Simpson ran HBC.Established Ft. Vancouver &Ft. Langley to establish Brt.Presence in the area for furTrade.

John McLoughlin was hired to run Brt. Fur trade. He was known for his fairness, poorappearance, business savvy, strong presence,and did not get along with Simpson. (Promoted American dev’t south of the Columbia R., wanted to expand forts, and felt his sons murder not dealt with).

George Simpson (HBC)

John McLoughlin

THE COLONY OF VANCOUVERTHE COLONY OF VANCOUVER

The Colony of Vancouver was established to give a greater British presence.• James Douglas was governor.• Brt. Wanted English class system

(land owners/servants).

• Douglas wanted settlers to keep US out.• Economy - Mining, Navy & ex-HBC employees.

• Legislative Assembly established to battle the British landed gentry (upper class)

The Colony of Vancouver was established to give a greater British presence.• James Douglas was governor.• Brt. Wanted English class system

(land owners/servants).

• Douglas wanted settlers to keep US out.• Economy - Mining, Navy & ex-HBC employees.

• Legislative Assembly established to battle the British landed gentry (upper class)

Polk did not want to fight & 49th parallel was established through B.C.

JAMES POLK (U.S.A.)

JAMES DOUGLAS(Governor of Van.)



Vancouver

THE CARIBOO GOLD RUSHTHE CARIBOO GOLD RUSHGold discovered on the Thompson starteda mass rush to the Cariboo. Miners left- over from the 1848 California rush flocked to the Cariboo.

Thompson R. gold

1857

Victoria went from 1500 to 20, 000 over-night.Afraid of American expansion Douglas Became the governor of the Colony of B.C.

The Cariboo Road was built to gain access to

the rapidly growing Barkerville. Largest center

North of San Fransico & West of Chicago.

Cariboo Road

Barkerville

VictoriaTO DO

p. 219 #1-5

THE COLONY OF B.C.THE COLONY OF B.C.During the Gold Rush more than 35 000 prospectors came to B.C. Very few became rich and many left when the gold ran out.

RESULTS - huge financial losses.

- could not regain $ spent on Cariboo Road.- Van. Is. Debt = $300 000.- B.C. debt = $1 000 000.

- both colonies ran out of credit and a union was proposed.- 1866 the colonies joined and B.C. was formed.

NOTE - The union did not solve the $$$$ problems.

B.C. Colonial $

THE CREATION OF B.C.

THE CREATION OF B.C.

• B.C. = AUTOCRATIC RULE (1856-1871)• James Douglas was in total control.• No elected legislative assembly.• Leg. & Executive councils were appointed by

Douglas.

• In 1856, Douglas was ordered to create a seven-member legislative assembly > the wealthy would have a say.• No enforcement so Douglas often ignored it.

• CHANGES IN POPULATION• Smallpox epidemic – brought by San Francisco miner

• First Nations hit hardest.

• Immigration – Gold Rush brought 35 000 people.• End of Gold Rush = 10 000• Lack of people = debt (no taxes)• The colonies looked for a way to survive.

• B.C. = AUTOCRATIC RULE (1856-1871)• James Douglas was in total control.• No elected legislative assembly.• Leg. & Executive councils were appointed by

Douglas.

• In 1856, Douglas was ordered to create a seven-member legislative assembly > the wealthy would have a say.• No enforcement so Douglas often ignored it.

• CHANGES IN POPULATION• Smallpox epidemic – brought by San Francisco miner

• First Nations hit hardest.

• Immigration – Gold Rush brought 35 000 people.• End of Gold Rush = 10 000• Lack of people = debt (no taxes)• The colonies looked for a way to survive.

B.C. Leg. building built in 1898. Today 85 MLAs & one

Lt. Gov. MLAs represent constituencies.

TO DOP.223 # 1 & 2

CONFEDERATIONDEBATE

CONFEDERATIONDEBATE

• THREE FACTIONS1) OPPOSED CONFEDERATION.

- Can. Would only think ofthe East.

2) SUPPORTED CONFEDERATION.- mainland representatives.

-Can. Pays B.C.debt.- RR.

3) US ANNEXATIONISTS- B.C. needed a larger market to succeed.- Can. was too far to help.- immigration from US more likely than

East Can.

• THREE FACTIONS1) OPPOSED CONFEDERATION.

- Can. Would only think ofthe East.

2) SUPPORTED CONFEDERATION.- mainland representatives.

-Can. Pays B.C.debt.- RR.

3) US ANNEXATIONISTS- B.C. needed a larger market to succeed.- Can. was too far to help.- immigration from US more likely than

East Can.

THE CONFEDERATION OF B.C.

THE CONFEDERATION OF B.C.

Governor Seymour died and Anthony Musgrave was appointed

Governor and being a personal friendof J.A.Macdonald he also pushed for a

“Sea to Sea” nation.(Promised an elected Legislature if joined Canada)

The anti-confederationists could notgain support in the US, and on July 20,1871, B.C. became a province of Can.

Anthony Musgrave(Friend of Macdonald)

THE RAILWAY SURVEYTHE RAILWAY SURVEY1. Island Politicians - Through interior ->N. Island -> south down

the Island2. Mainland Politicians - Down Fraser Canyon to Burrard Inlet.3. Sanford Flemming

(Chief Surveyor)Yellowhead Pass -> Fraser Canyon -> Burrard Inlet.

4. Marcus Smith (Flemming’s Deputy)

Pine Pass ->

west along Skeena R.

1. Island Politicians - Through interior ->N. Island -> south down the Island

2. Mainland Politicians - Down Fraser Canyon to Burrard Inlet.3. Sanford Flemming

(Chief Surveyor)Yellowhead Pass -> Fraser Canyon -> Burrard Inlet.

4. Marcus Smith (Flemming’s Deputy)

Pine Pass ->

west along Skeena R.

PROPOSED RAILWAY ROUTES

Pine Pass

YellowheadPass

****Kicking Horse Pass

Crowsnest Pass

THE EMERGENCE OF VANCOUVERTHE EMERGENCE OF VANCOUVERBURRARD INLET

- Originally discouraged settlement.- not on a major river.- thick forest cover.- no gold rush history.

STANLEY PARK- Initially set aside as military reserve.

NEW WESTMINSTER- Gold rush gateway- Fraser R. froze in winter.- later cut trails to Burrard Inlet.

PORT MOODY - original site for CPR terminus. - shallow tidal flats made Van Horne change location to Vancouver (Gastown). Land speculators were mad.

In 1886, fire burned the new city ofVan. By 1890, it was rebuilt and had a population of over 5000.

Gastown Gassy Jack

THE OPPENHEIMERSTHE OPPENHEIMERS• Jewish immigrants from Germany.• Set up trading firm in B.C. gold rush.• Fire ruined but rebuilt.

• Land investments in Gastown.• $ invested with CPR.• David became mayor of Vancouver “Father of Vancouver.”• Laid water & sewage pipes in Van.• Lobbied for Cariboo Road.• Bankrolled needed services.• Funded first electric streetcar.• Donated land for schools & parks.

• Jewish immigrants from Germany.• Set up trading firm in B.C. gold rush.• Fire ruined but rebuilt.

• Land investments in Gastown.• $ invested with CPR.• David became mayor of Vancouver “Father of Vancouver.”• Laid water & sewage pipes in Van.• Lobbied for Cariboo Road.• Bankrolled needed services.• Funded first electric streetcar.• Donated land for schools & parks.

David Oppenheimer

THE OPPENHEIMERS

THE CHINESE IN B.C.THE CHINESE IN B.C.• Originally came with Gold Rush.

• Faced discrimination - dress, language,religion, & customs.

• Racism forced men to resort to “lower jobs”.• Reworked older claims.

• 1883 -> of 2000 miners, 1500 = Chinese.

• General stores, restaurants, veggie farms, laundry, etc.

• Sub-contracted for less pay.

• Knights of Labour - lobbied to have Chinese removed.

• Violence, intimidation, & boycotts.

• Originally came with Gold Rush.

• Faced discrimination - dress, language,religion, & customs.

• Racism forced men to resort to “lower jobs”.• Reworked older claims.

• 1883 -> of 2000 miners, 1500 = Chinese.

• General stores, restaurants, veggie farms, laundry, etc.

• Sub-contracted for less pay.

• Knights of Labour - lobbied to have Chinese removed.

• Violence, intimidation, & boycotts.

THE CHINESE & THE CPRTHE CHINESE & THE CPR

• CPR short of labourers.• 1881-85 ->17 000 Chinese workers brought in.• “Expendable”- 600 died in 4 yrs.

• $1/day - less than 1/2 of the white workers.

• Lived in separate camps.

• After RR complete.• gov’t imposed a $50 head tax.• Couldn’t afford to go back

to China -> settled in Van.

• CPR short of labourers.• 1881-85 ->17 000 Chinese workers brought in.• “Expendable”- 600 died in 4 yrs.

• $1/day - less than 1/2 of the white workers.

• Lived in separate camps.

• After RR complete.• gov’t imposed a $50 head tax.• Couldn’t afford to go back

to China -> settled in Van.

TO DO P. 238 #1 & 4

ECONOMIC DIVERSITY IN B.C.

ECONOMIC DIVERSITY IN B.C.

Mining - gold, silver,copper, zinc, coal,

iron, etc.

Tourism - Banff - Rockies

Cities - Street Cars,Goods & Services

Farming - Orchards,Cattle, Wheat.

Smelting

Do p.230 #5

CH. 6 BC TO 1896

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Transcript of CH. 6 BC TO 1896