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Chapter 5:A Growing Nation with Sectional Differences

Early NativismAmerican nativists feared invasion of immigrantsTook jobsTook over neighborhoodsFormed American PartyAMERICAN SYSTEMPromote nationalism was internal improvements to unite the US. Transportation system of roads, canals, steamships and rivers.Finally the railroadamerican systemProvide economic growth (Economic Nationalism)Americans buying American goods American self-sufficiency.Protective tariff (allows US factories to grow)2nd Bank of the United States

Henry Clay, Congressmen from Kentucky

John C. Calhoun, US Senator from South Carolina

Principal Canals in 1840Erie Canal

HighwaysBad roads made transportation highly unreliable

The National Road begun in 1811 and completed by 1832Connected Maryland to Illinois.Built by US governmentAMERICAN SYSTEMCumberland (National Road), 1811

The Railroad Revolution,1850s1850 to 1860, RR proved most significant development toward national economyAmericans demanded transcontinental railroad to California.Completed by 1869.13Faster, cheaper, more reliable than canals, defied terrain & weather.1st RR in 1828; by 1860, 33,000 miles of track, most in North.

Obstacles eventually overcome: Pullman sleeping palace produced in 1859

Map rrEffects of the Transportation RevolutionPony Express connected East-WestTelegraph instantly sent messages across USPeople moved faster and country expandedUnifying spirit among fellow country menA need for a transcontinental railroad that connected east to westA shift from goods made by hand to factory and mass productionTechnological innovations brought production from farmhouse to factoriesBeginning of US Factory SystemSlow beginning INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONEli Whitneys cotton gin revolutionized the cotton industry. Mass Production and Interchangeable Parts. Very important early pioneer in Americas industrial revolution.Cotton Production

The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery.ELI WHITNEY

Whitney Ends the Fiber FamineCotton gin invented in 179350 times more effective than hand picking

New England factories flourish with Southern cotton- more $$$

1807, Fulton's Clermont, was the first commercially successful and reliable steamboat.Steam boat would revolutionize water travel.ROBERT FULTONJohn Deere & the Steel Plow

Samuel F. B. Morse1840 Telegraph

WHAT GOD HATH WROUGHT

From left to right: Eli Whitney (cotton gin, interchangeable parts), Robert Fulton (steam boat), Thomas Edison (light bulb), Cyrus McCormick (reaper), Richard Hoe (automatic printing press) 22Eli Whitney also invents principle of interchangeable parts, used in muskets for army.1850: principle widely adopted, led to mass production, & gave North large industrial plants, military superiority over South.

US FACTORY SYSTEM

Slater came to US to make his fortune in the textile industry. Cotton Mill

Samuel Slater was the "Father of the American Factory System."Early Textile Loom

The Lowell MillsAmericans beat the British at their own game, made better factoriesFrancis C Lowell came over here to build British factories met up with Boston mechanic, Paul Moody

US FACTORY SYSTEM

The Lowell System Lowell, Massachusetts, 1832Young New England farm girls(Often Women and Children would be in the workplace because it would be cheaper for companies)Supervised on and off the jobWorked 6 days a week, 13 hours a dayEscorted to church on SundayUS FACTORY SYSTEM

1830s, Industrialization grew throughout the NorthSouthern cotton shipped to Northern textile mills was a good working relationship... But that Good Relationship would be strained The Age of Jackson and the Growth of Tensions between North and SouthMs. HoyeU. S. History

Trial of tearsGROWTH OF SLAVERY

Trial of tearsGROWTH OF SLAVERY

The Corrupt Bargain

Henry Clay gives his support to John Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as the President. Two weeks later, Adams appoints Henry Clay as his Secretary of State.Jackson cries out corruption and calls this the Corrupt Bargain. Jackson promises he would run again for the Presidency in 1828 and would smash Adams.

ADAMS VS JACKSON1824 Electioncorrupt

Election of 1828An American TragedyJackson and J. Q. Adams ran against each other for the presidencyOne anti-Jackson newspaper declared,General Jacksons mother was a common prostitute, brought to this country by the British soldiers! She, afterwards married a mulatto man with whom she had several children, of which one was Andrew Jackson.Anti-Adams people accused him of hiring a servant girl for a visiting Russian ambassadorAdams was accused of gambling in the White House.One of the worst elections in US History for its mudslinging.As a result of this, Jacksons wife Rachel, died of a heart attack just before he became PresidentHe blamed Adams and Clay and never forgave them..Election of 1828

Essential QuestionChampion of the Common Man?KingAndrew?OR

PresidentJacksonRise of the Common Man and The New DemocracyBricklayersBlacksmith FarmersCarpentersThe Working Class

Powerful movement in the country to expand involvement and participation of the common man in democracy.Land easy to obtain in the West so property qualifications were droppedEducation not as important

Common Man and the west become politically powerful Jackson brought democracy to the Common man Jackson stood for the common man which was most of the populationOther Common Men in US History:Davy CrockettSam HoustonCommon man clusterSPOILS System: Putting your friends and supporters in high Govt JobsJacksons Indian RemovalJacksons Goal?Expansion into the southwest for southern planters 1830: Indian Removal Act5 Civilized Tribes: (forced removal)CherokeeCreekChoctawChickasawSeminoleCherokee Nation v. GA (1831)domestic dependent nationWorcester v. GA (1832)Cherokee law is sovereign and Georgia law does not apply in Cherokee nation.Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

TRAIL OF TEARS

Trial of tearsLong time we travel on way to new land. People feel bad when they leave old nation. Women cry and make sad wails. Children cry and many men cry, and all look sad like when friends die, but they say nothing and just put heads down and keep on go towards West. Many days pass and people die very much. We bury close by Trail. Survivor of the Trail of Tears

TRAIL OF TEARS 1838 TO 1839trail 2

NULLIFICATION CRISISJohn C. Calhoun,former VP underJackson, USSenator from South Carolina

PresidentJackson, THE UNITED STATES

**Demonstrates the growing conflict between South and National Power/NORTHNULLIFICATION CRISISTo NULLIFY a Federal Law is to eliminate it.The Nullification Crisis was an argument over IF the States had the RIGHT/POWER to eliminate a FEDERAL/NATIONAL Law?According to our Constitution the National Govt ALWAYS has the last word

Jacksons opposition to NULLIFICATION enhanced his reputation as a STRONG President.

The Bank of the United States, although privately owned, received federal deposits and attempted to serve a public purpose by cushioning the ups and downs of the national economy Govt supported Rich

THE BANK WARTHE BANK WARJackson opposed the bill to support the Second Bank of the USA he thought it was special privileges Reinforced his image of a COMMON MAN

The 1832 Election