Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography
-
Upload
john-hext -
Category
Technology
-
view
572 -
download
1
Transcript of Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography
![Page 1: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Urban GeographyCh. 4, Sec. 4
![Page 2: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Exurb Exurb
Suburbs
Central
City Exurb
Exurb
Exurb
![Page 3: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Economic geographyCh. 4, Sec. 5
![Page 5: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economy – production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people
Economic system – the way people produce and exchange goods and services
![Page 6: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Economic systems
1. Traditional economy – goods and services are traded w/o using money (bartering)
2. Command economy – production is determined by the central gov’t (planned economy)
3. Market economy – production determined by the demand from customers (demand economy/ capitalism)
4. Mixed economy – combination of command and market
![Page 7: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Economics of Natural Resources Natural resources – materials on or in the
earth that have economic value◦ Not evenly distributed around the earth
3 basic types1. Renewable – can be replaced (trees)2. Non – renewable – cannot be replaced (metals,
fossil fuels)3. Inexhaustible energy sources – unlimited
amount Sunlight, geothermal heat, and wind
![Page 8: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Infrastructure – basic support systems needed to keep an economy going◦ Power◦ Communication◦ Transportation◦ Water◦ Sanitation◦ Education system
![Page 9: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Measuring Economic Development Per Capita Income – average amount of
money earned by each person in a political unit
Gross National Product (GNP) – total value of all goods and services produces by a country over a year◦ Goods do not have to be produced in that country
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – total value of all goods and services produced within a country over a year
![Page 10: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Developed vs. Developing CountriesIn terms of the distribution of wealth, there are two categories of countries on earth: developed and developing. Developed countries are those that have made major social, political, and economic progress. Their economies are based on service and manufacturing industries. They have a low population growth rate, a high per capita gross domestic product, good educational opportunities, and easily available health resources. Developing countries generally have economies based on agriculture. They have a rapid population growth rate and limited resources. Many of their residents lack the basic necessities of life. About three fourths of the world’s people live in developing countries
![Page 11: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cottage Industry Home-based industries that produce on a small scale
Big businesses that manufacture in mass quantity
Commercial Industry
![Page 12: Ch. 4.4 and 4.5 urban and economic geography](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081519/555b8d88d8b42ae81d8b4f5b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
4 levels of Economic Activity
Primary ActivitiesGathering of raw materialsExample: drilling for oil
Secondary ActivitiesAdding value to materialsExample: car manufacturing
Tertiary ActivitiesBusiness or professional servicesExample: teachers, doctorsQuaternary ActivitiesInformation, management, and research services by highly-trained persons