Ch 4 Sec 2Sparta and AthensDate

COPY and answer map questions pg 125 #’s 1-2

RAP (left page)

WORD DEFINITION PICTURE

tyrant

oligarchy

democracy

helot

Solon

Peisistratus

Cleisthenes

Ch 4 Sec 2Sparta and AthensDate

Copy the MAIN IDEA on page 125 and fill in the blanks with the correct words:

____________ were able to __________ power from the __________ with the support of the Greek ___________, __________, and _________.

• Persons of high social status usually born into wealth

• After Dark Ages, nobles took power

• Farmers, traders, and artisans unhappy with noble rule

• Led to rise of tyrants who had support from common people

Ch 4 Sec 2Sparta and AthensDate

WOW (under the RAP)

Nobles

Tyranny incity-states

Tyrants• 600’s BC: Took power by

force and ruled with total authority

• Popular at first because they built new marketplaces, temples and walls

• 500 BC: they lost power and most city-states became either a oligarchy or democracy

• Two most powerful governments of early Greece

Oligarchy and

Democracy

Why were tyrants popular in city-states?

Sparta • Founded by the Dorians• Conquered and enslaved

neighbors (helots)• Afraid of helot rebellion• Trained boys and men to

be in the military from a young age

Sparta and their military

• Age 7: boys left home to live in barracks

• Age 20: entered the regular army and remained in barracks for 10 more years

• Age 30: returned home but still in army

• Age 60: could leave army but still trained

• Women: trained in sports and lived at home while husbands were away, they could own property and had more freedom

Spartan Government

• Oligarchy government• 2 kings headed council

of elders, 28 citizens over age 60

• Presented laws to assembly who voted on them and for ephors - like police they enforced laws and collected taxes

• Discouraged foreign visitors and travel to stop people from questioning leadership

Spartan Government (cont)

• Discouraged studying literature and the arts

• Fell behind other Greeks in trade

• Less educated in science and arts

• Soldiers were strong and swift

• Successfully controlled helots for 250 years

Copy and answer each question.• Why did Spartans stress military

power?• Why did the Spartan government

want its young people to be physically fit?

• At what age did Spartan boys leave their families for military training?

• What would you feel like if you had to leave home? Imagine you had been sent to military school. Write a letter home explaining your living conditions and how you are feeling.

WIO ( right page)

Copy the MAIN IDEA on page 128 and fill in the blanks with the correct words:

Unlike _________, __________ were more interested in building a _______ than building a _______ force.

How do you feel when you visit a new city or place that you have never been to before?

Athens

• Education was most important, learned reading, writing, math, sports, and music and instruments

• Education created well-rounded citizens

• Boys finished school at 18 yrs old to become citizens

• Girls stayed at home and were taught spinning, weaving, and other household duties

A new Democracy

• 600’s BC Athens ruled by landowning nobles with a weak assembly

• Government an oligarchy like Sparta

• Poor farmers rebelled against nobles in 600 BC demanded an end to all debts and wanted to own land

Solon’s Reforms

• Nobles and poor farmers trusted Solon as anew leader

• He canceled farmers’ debts and freed slaves

• Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts

• But would NOT give away nobles’ land to farmers

• 30 years of turmoil followed

Peisistratus

• A tyrant• Took power in 560 BC• To win support of the

poor he divided nobles’ land among farmers

• loaned money to poor and gave them jobs building temples and public places

Cleisthenes• Came to power in 508 BC after Peisistratus died

• Reorganized assembly and created a new council of 500 citizens who have more of a say in government – They could debate matters

openly– Hear court cases– Appoint army generals

• Non-citizens like women, foreigners, and slaves still excluded

• He made Athens a real democracy!!!

WIO ( right page)

Copy and answer each question.1. How did Cleisthenes build a democracy

in Athens?2. Why did tyrants fall out of favor with the

Greeks?3. How did Greek nobles gain power?4. Why was Solon popular among some

Athenian farmers but not among other?5. Take the position of either a Spartan or

an Athenian. Write a letter to the other city-state and convince them to move to your town. Be sure to give details from the text to support your opinion.