Ch. 4, sec. 1
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Transcript of Ch. 4, sec. 1
Elements of Elements of CultureCulture
Chapter 4, Section 1Chapter 4, Section 1
CultureCulture – total knowledge, attitudes and – total knowledge, attitudes and behaviors shared and passed on by the behaviors shared and passed on by the members of a specific groupmembers of a specific group
SocietySociety – group that shares a geographic – group that shares a geographic region, and sense of identity and a cultureregion, and sense of identity and a culture
Ethnic groupEthnic group – specific group that shares – specific group that shares a language customs and heritagea language customs and heritage
- distinct from other groups in their - distinct from other groups in their regionregion
Factors that influence Factors that influence cultureculture
Food and Food and sheltershelter
ReligionReligion Relationships Relationships
to family and to family and othersothers
languagelanguage
EducationEducationSecurity/ Security/
protectionprotectionPolitical and social Political and social
organizationorganizationCreative Creative
expressionexpression
Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange
Innovation = InventionInnovation = InventionMaking something new Making something new to fit a needto fit a need
Can happen on purpose Can happen on purpose or by accidentor by accident
Culture Change and Culture Change and ExchangeExchange
Diffusion = spread of ideasDiffusion = spread of ideas Culture hearth – site of innovation Culture hearth – site of innovation
where ideas, materials and where ideas, materials and technology diffuse to other culturestechnology diffuse to other cultures
AcculturationAcculturation Can radically change societyCan radically change society Positive – vaccinations in poor Positive – vaccinations in poor
countriescountries Negative – conquered country Negative – conquered country
become slavesbecome slaves
Population DistributionPopulation Distribution Habitable lands – have suitable Habitable lands – have suitable
climate and vegetation for livingclimate and vegetation for living Heavily populated along rivers and coast Heavily populated along rivers and coast
lineslines Arable lands – land good for farmingArable lands – land good for farming MigrationMigration
Push – Pull factorsPush – Pull factors Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to Centrifugal (Push) = cause people to
leaveleave Centripetal (Pull) = draws people inCentripetal (Pull) = draws people in
LanguageLanguage
Establishes a groups’ identity and Establishes a groups’ identity and sense of unity among those who sense of unity among those who speak itspeak it
Can cause problems when more Can cause problems when more than one language is spoken than one language is spoken within a small areawithin a small area
LanguageLanguage
3000+ languages are spoken around 3000+ languages are spoken around the worldthe world
Similar languages are placed in Similar languages are placed in familiesfamilies
Dialects are different versions of a Dialects are different versions of a language in the same familylanguage in the same family Example: Language Family = EnglishExample: Language Family = English
Dialect = Southern v. NY Dialect = Southern v. NY accentaccent
ReligionReligion Greatly influences Greatly influences
peoples lifestylespeoples lifestyles Monotheistic – Monotheistic –
belief in one godbelief in one god Polytheistic – belief Polytheistic – belief
in many godsin many gods Animistic – belief in Animistic – belief in
divine forces of divine forces of naturenature
JudaismJudaism Oldest of SW Asian Oldest of SW Asian
religionsreligions Concentrated in Concentrated in
IsraelIsrael Established 3200 Established 3200
years agoyears ago MonotheisticMonotheistic Ethnic religion – faith Ethnic religion – faith
and culture tied and culture tied togethertogether
Torah – religious Torah – religious bookbook
ChristianityChristianity Started over 2,000 years ago, Started over 2,000 years ago,
based on the teachings of based on the teachings of JudaismJudaism
MonotheisticMonotheistic Based on teachings of Jesus Based on teachings of Jesus
Christ, recorded in the New Christ, recorded in the New Testament of the BibleTestament of the Bible
Largest religionLargest religion 3 major groups: Roman Catholic, 3 major groups: Roman Catholic,
Protestant, and Eastern OrthodoxProtestant, and Eastern Orthodox
IslamIslam Based on the Based on the
teachings of the teachings of the Prophet MuhammadProphet Muhammad
Followers known as Followers known as MuslimsMuslims
MonotheisticMonotheistic Close ties to Close ties to
Christianity and Christianity and JudaismJudaism
Qu’ran – holy bookQu’ran – holy book 2 divisions: Sunni 2 divisions: Sunni
and Shiiteand Shiite
HinduismHinduism Dates back 5,000 Dates back 5,000
yearsyears Ethnic religion Ethnic religion
concentrated in Indiaconcentrated in India Polytheistic – gods Polytheistic – gods
represent the represent the different aspects of different aspects of divine spirit, divine spirit, BrahmanBrahman
Caste system – levels Caste system – levels of fixed social classes of fixed social classes with specific rites with specific rites and dutiesand duties
BuddhismBuddhism Offshoot of Offshoot of
HinduismHinduism Started in 563 B.C. Started in 563 B.C.
in northern Indiain northern India Siddhartha Siddhartha
Gautama, a.k.a. the Gautama, a.k.a. the Buddha, rejected Buddha, rejected the caste system the caste system and promoted the and promoted the correct way to live correct way to live in order to reach in order to reach enlightenmentenlightenment
Spread through to Spread through to Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia