L 2 – Vectors and Scalars Outline Physical quantities - vectors and scalars
Ch 3 – Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors. Scalars vs. Vectors ► Scalar – a measurement that...
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Transcript of Ch 3 – Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors. Scalars vs. Vectors ► Scalar – a measurement that...
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Ch 3 – Ch 3 – Two-Dimensional Motion Two-Dimensional Motion
and Vectorsand Vectors
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Scalars vs. VectorsScalars vs. Vectors
►Scalar – a measurement that has a Scalar – a measurement that has a magnitude (value or number) onlymagnitude (value or number) only Ex: # of students, age, speed, distanceEx: # of students, age, speed, distance
►Vector – a measurement that has both Vector – a measurement that has both a magnitude a magnitude andand a direction a direction Ex: displacement, acceleration, velocityEx: displacement, acceleration, velocity
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Vectors and directionVectors and direction
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Vectors can be added Vectors can be added graphicallygraphically
►Animation
►Resultant: a vector representing the Resultant: a vector representing the sum of two or more vectorssum of two or more vectors
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Vectors at right angles can be Vectors at right angles can be added using the Pythagorean added using the Pythagorean
theoremtheorem► AA22 + B + B22 = C = C22
► The angle can be found The angle can be found using SOH CAH TOAusing SOH CAH TOA
► SOH: Sin SOH: Sin θθ = opp/hyp = opp/hyp► CAH: Cos CAH: Cos θθ = adj/hyp = adj/hyp► TOA: Tan TOA: Tan θθ = opp/adj = opp/adj► If you are looking for If you are looking for θθ::
ΘΘ = Sin = Sin-1-1(opp/hyp)(opp/hyp) ΘΘ = Cos = Cos-1-1(adj/hyp)(adj/hyp) ΘΘ = Tan = Tan-1-1(opp/adj)(opp/adj)
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©2008 by W.H. Freeman and
Company
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Let’s practiceLet’s practice
►Find the component velocities of a Find the component velocities of a helicopter traveling 95 km/h at an helicopter traveling 95 km/h at an angle of 35angle of 35°° to the ground. to the ground.
►Vy = 54 km/hVy = 54 km/h►Vx = 78 km/hVx = 78 km/h
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3-4: Relative Motion3-4: Relative Motion
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If a boat is traveling north at 5 m/s and the current is east at 2 m/s, what is the relative
velocity of the boat to the shore?
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3-33-3
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►Two balls dropped
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If there was no gravity…If there was no gravity…
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With gravityWith gravity
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What is a projectile?What is a projectile?►A A projectileprojectile is any object is any object
that falls through the air. that falls through the air. These objects are These objects are accelerated downward by accelerated downward by the force of gravity. the force of gravity.
►The KEY is that the ONLY The KEY is that the ONLY FORCE acting on the FORCE acting on the projectile is GRAVITY!projectile is GRAVITY!
I don’t want to
be a projectil
e!
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Since gravity only acts in the vertical direction, then motion in the horizontal direction is constant!!
We will use 2 main formulas to solve these problems: 21
2
x
y gt
x v t
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v
vx
vy
vy = v sin vx = v cos
Important concepts are: horizontal velocity component is always constantThere is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.
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co n sta n t h o rizo n ta l ve loc ityvx
ve rtica l ve loc ity in c rea se s w ith tim e vy
vx
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A ball is rolled off a table with a horizontal velocity of 2 m/s. If the table is 1 m tall, how long with it take the ball to hit the ground?
How far away from the bottom of the table will the ball land?