2-1. Sample Types & Considering Factors for Collection

Sample Types: According to the physical conditions ; solid, liquid, or gas samples According to the representativeness; bulk, partial, or mixed

samples According to the conventional names; Rock, soil, stream water,

groundwater, coal, plant, food etc.

Considering Factors: The essential requisite for the sample is the

representativeness of the object of sampling. Then, consider

1) Purpose of sampling2) Budget for the analysis 3) Characteristics (Types) of the samples

2-2. Collection & Pretreatment of Water Samples

Water samples?: Surface water (Streams, lakes, springs, etc.) Groundwater Meteoric water (rain, snow, fog, etc) Others

Considering factors of water sampling; Variable properties responding to a number of surrounding

conditions such as T, P, time, biota, geology, etc. Should consider

1) Water type2) Parameters measured in the field3) Required pretreatment4) Geological & Hydrological conditions5) Temporal & spatial variation6) Others

Methods: Scooping Grab sampling Bailor / Bomb Pumping

Pretreatments: Filtration; Removal of SS & (microbes), with 0.1, 0.2

or 0.45 m pore membrane Acidification; Prohibiting pptn of the DS, with HNO3 Sterilization; Killing all the microbes, with HgCl2 Refrigeration; Supress microbial activity at 4C

3-3. Soil Sample Collection & Preparation 3-3-1. General Considering Factors

▪ Soil types▪ Soil profiles▪ Parents & local geology▪ Plantation▪ Land uses▪ Others

3-3-2. Collection Methods▪ Shovels▪ Soil core sampler▪ Auger▪ Soil moisture sampler▪ Customized personalized devices

3-3-3. Sampling Design▪ Grid▪ Barbell cluster▪ Nested Cell▪ Stratified vs. unstratified

3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples▪ Drying▪ Sieving▪ Removal of organics▪ Grinding

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

3-4. Sediment Sample Collection & Preparation 3-4-1. General Considering Factors

▪ Spatial (horizontal) variation▪ Vertical (depth) variation▪ Size distribution▪ Temporal variation▪ Sedimentation mechanism (sedimentation media)▪ Disturbance by sampling▪ Parental rock

3-4-2. Collection Methods▪ Grab▪ Core sampler▪ Customized personalized devices

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

3-4-3. Sampling Design▪ Mostly depends on the distribution of the sediments

3-3-4. Treatment of Soil Samples▪ Very similar to the soil sample treatment▪ Size fractionation

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS

3-5. Rock Sample Collection & Preparation 3-4-1. General Considering Factors

▪ Rock types▪ Weathering▪ Grain size: generally sample size should be 60 times larger

than the grain size ex) <1/16cm 3*4*1 cm ▪ Structure & texture▪ Others

3-4-2. Collection Methods▪ Hammer▪ Core sampler▪ Chiesle

Ch. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION & TREATMENTS