Ch 26 2 characteristics of stars
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Transcript of Ch 26 2 characteristics of stars
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Ch 26-2
Characteristics of Stars
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5 Common Characteristics of Stars
• 1. Size
• 2. Mass
• 3. Color
• 4. Temperature• 5. Brightness
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Size of a Star• Stars are divided into 5 main Groups by size
1. Neutron Star• **Can be the distance you travel to
school 2. White Dwarf Star
• **Can be the size of Asia• 3. Medium-sized Star
• **Our own Sun
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Size of a Star• 4. Giant Star
• *The diameter 10 to 100X larger than our sun
• 5. Super-giant Star• *The diameter 1000X larger than sun
• ** If our sun were replaced with a SGS the star would extend beyond
Mars and Earth would be burned up• **Die quickly—Short lived stars
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Composition • Astronomers use a spectroscope to
determine what stars are made of by their spectral lines
• All stars have the similar composition• Most common element = Hydrogen 60-
80% of total mass of a star
• 2nd most common element = Helium • Trace elements = O, Ne, C, N -- 4%
of total mass of a star
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Surface temperature • Star color indicates surface
• temperature 3,000* k = Red star = Cool
• Sun= 6,000*k = Yellow star = Hotter
•
• 50,000*k = Blue-white light = Hottest
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Brightness
• Brightness of a star depends on 3 things
•
• 1. Size of a star
• 2. Surface temperature
• 3. Distance from Earth
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Apparent Magnitude • The brightness of a star as observed from
Earth
• Absolute Magnitude• Put two stars at equal distance from each
other you can see which is brighter• Can’t move stars so must calculate
brightness• A CALCULATION OF ACTUAL
BRIGHTNESS• Brightness for most stars is constant
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Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram
• Shows the relationship between Absolute magnitude and surface temperature