Ch. 2, Sect. 4—Exploring North America

Main IdeaRivalries between countries, the search for a Northwest Passage to Asia, and early trading activities led to increased exploration of North America.

VocabularyMercantilism Columbian Exchange

Northwest Passage Coureur de bois

A Divided Church• __________ brought about changes

in Europe in the 1500’s.• Opposed Catholicism and had many

followers.– Declared only the ______ was the true

guide for Christians.– Rejected many church practices

because they were not mentioned in the Bible.

– They broke away and began their own __________ churches.

• His protests were the start of the religious movement known as the __________________. Protestant Reformation leader

Martin Luther.

Protestantism Spreads in Europe• French religious thinker, ___________, also

broke away from the Catholic Church.

• Rejected the idea that good deeds would ensure a person’s salvation.

• He believed God had already chosen those who would be _______.

• King Henry VIII, also left Catholic Church, for ________ reasons.

• Pope Clement VII would not declare Henry’s first marriage invalid.

• 1534—English Parliament denied authority of the Pope and recognized the king as the head of the Church of ________.

• When Europeans settled in the Americas, they brought with them their religious beliefs of either __________ or __________.

John Calvin

Economic Rivalry• Religion was only one factor in crossing the Atlantic.• Promise of great wealth was equally strong.

– Europeans watched ______ get riches from its colonies.– Colonies provided resources and a market to sell ________

products.

• Economic theory of __________ evolved. • Mercantilism--________________________________.• Rulers tried to increase their nation’s wealth by acquiring

gold and silver and developing ______.• Rivalries between _______ started to emerge to see

who could produce the most wealth by acquiring colonies that could provide valuable resources or raw materials.

• Led to the “Columbian Exchange”.

Columbian Exchange• Columbus’s voyages marked the beginning.• ____________ was a two-way exchange between the

Americas (__________) and Europe, Asia, or Africa (__________).

• Exchange included 3 main things:1. Plants

2. Animals

3. Diseases

• New World to Old World:

crops, food, disease• Old World to New World:

colonists, animals, plants, disease, ________ people.

Northwest Passage

• Treaty of Tordesillas divided Americas between Spain and ________.

• Did not allow claims by other nations, so England, France, and the Netherlands ignored the treaty.

• The 3 countries hoped to find a route through ____________ to get to Asia.– This became known as the _______________.– Going around Africa or South America was too long and difficult.

Northwest Passage Explorers• 1497—England sent

__________. – He landed on the coast of

Newfoundland.– England used his voyage as the

basis for their claims on North America.

• 1524—France hired Giovanni da Verrazano to look for a northern sea route.– Explored coast of North

America, from Nova Scotia to the __________.

John Cabot

Giovanni da Verrazano

Northwest Passage Explorers• 1535—French explorer,

_______________ sailed up the St. Lawrence River, thinking it would lead to the Pacific.

• Instead, he saw a large mountain close to a village and named it Mont-Royal (________).

• Henry Hudson sailed for the _____________ in 1609.

• Came across a river, known today as Hudson River.

• 1 year later, sent by England and discovered a huge bay, known as ___________.

Jacques Cartier

Henry Hudson

French Trading Posts and Dutch Settlements

• French viewed North America as opportunity to profit from ______ and ______ trading.

• Group of French traders made agreement with Native Americans to trade fur.

• 1608—they sent Samuel de Champlain to establish a settlement in ______.– He described the beautiful scenery, abundant wildlife, and

Native Americans he met there.

• French soon moved into other parts of ________.• Built trading posts to collect furs gathered by Native

Americans and French trappers.• Trappers were called _____________--meaning

“runners of the woods”.

Dutch Settlements• Netherlands eager to claim share of world trade.• ________ voyage became basis for Dutch claims on the

continent.• 1621—Dutch West India Company set up trading colony,

called ____________.• 1624—the company sent ____ families to settle in the area.• Settled along the Hudson River.• Center of the new colony was _______________, where

the Hudson River enters New York Harbor.– New Amsterdam later became ______________.

• Now the Netherlands started colonies in the Americas.