Ch. 19 Sec. 1 A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

•If you took all of the blood vessels out of an average

adult, and laid them out in one line, the line would be over

100,000 miles long!

Blood vessel

Function Structure of wall

Other info.

aartery •carry blood aaway from

heart•largest= aorta

•3 layers•Very thick

causes pulse

capillary •connect arteries & veins

•allow diffusion

•1 cell thick materials pass thru. easily (oxygen, glucose)

vein carry blood to heart

•3 layers• thinner walls than arteries

AArteries cause your pulse.

Factors that help blood move thru. veins:

1. Contraction of skeletal muscles

2. Valves prevent blood from flowing backward

3. Breathing movements

Arteries, Capillaries & Veins

Unlike the arteries and veins, capillaries are very thin and fragile. The capillaries are actually only one epithelial cell thick. They are so thin that blood cells can only pass through them in single file.

coronary arteries • supply blood to heart itself

1. Right Coronary Artery2. Left Coronary Artery

blood pressure

•caused by force w/ which ventricles contract

(ventricles contract)

(ventricles relax)

Blood pressure -measured w/ sphygmomanometer

Activity Pulse RateResting X 4= bpm

Walking

Running

(1 min) Resting after Exercise

(3+ min) Resting after Exercise

Predict how your pulse rate will change as you go from resting to being active, then back to resting again.______________________

artery, capillary or vein

•thickest walls

artery

artery, capillary or vein

•carry blood away from the heart

artery

artery, capillary or vein

•connects 2 blood vessels

capillary

artery, capillary or vein

•walls are 3 layers thick

artery & vein

artery, capillary or vein

•diffusion occurs here

capillary

artery, capillary or vein

•carry blood back to the heart

vein

artery, capillary or vein

•causes your pulse

artery

Alien heart• It is the year 2500. The Planet Earth has discovered many new

planets which contain life. Some life forms are almost human-like aside from a few features. Your star-ship has just landed on an undiscovered planet. Unfortunately when the star-ship entered the planet's atmosphere a grand ion charge zapped your star-ship's power supply. To repair your star-ship, you need to find the mineral reggeti. You decide you will lead your crew in a search for the substance. In a short time you meet a human-like alien colony, calling themselves Xyphoids. Your crew is excited to meet this population because you hope they know how to locate reggeti. You discover the alien population can speak your language so you inquire about reggeti. To your surprise, the leader knows where the mineral can be found, but he will only you show on one condition. The Xyphoids, ever since their known existence, have hearts which fail at a very young age. For years they have tried to invent an artificial heart without success. The alien population knows your technology is more advance than theirs. They will lead you to the reggeti source if you can successfully make an artificial heart for their population.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplantwave.html

Alien heart ACTIVITY • Xyphoid anatomy: • 3 chambers in their heart • 2 heart valves • 1 lung • 3 major vena cava entering the heart • 2 pulmonary arteries • 3 pulmonary veins • 2 arteries leaving the heart to supply the body with blood

• Assignment: 1. Use the PlayDoh and other materials to make a CROSS SECTION (cross section means to leave an area of the heart open so

the teacher can observe your internal design) of the heart which corresponds to the Xyphoid anatomy. The heart must work mechanically (meaning the your creation must be able to pump blood to the one lung and bring it back to the heart. Further your valves must be placed in logical positions). (REMEMBER don't mix the PlayDoh!!!)

2. Draw your heart creation on the back of this page (color is encouraged)

3. Label your valves, veins, arteries, chambers and other structures (use original terminology)

4. Describe (use your unique heart labels) how your heart will work mechanically. Describe how it will move the blood to the one lung and out the rest of the body.

Name_________________________________ Date __________________