Ch. 19 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Objectives Distinguish between common and proper...

Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 19 - 2

Objectives• Distinguish between common and

proper nouns for purposes of capitalization.

• Decide when to capitalize proper adjectives and when not to capitalize them.

Capitalization


• Understand when to capitalize personal titles, numbered items, and points of the compass.

• Capitalize departments, divisions, committees, government terms, product names, and literary titles correctly.

Capitalization


• Capitalize beginning words, celestial bodies, and ethnic references.

• Apply special rules in capitalizing personal titles and terms.

Capitalization


Proper Nouns

• Capitalize proper nouns, including the specific names of persons places schools streets parks buildings religions holidays months nick names agreements

Basic Capitalization Rules


Proper NounsPalm Beach Community College

Gulf gasoline The Consumer Protection Act



Proper Nouns

• Do not capitalize common nouns that make general reference.

consumer protection laws

a community college

government office



Proper Adjectives

• Capitalize most adjectives that are derived from proper nouns.

Japanese imports Victorian attitudes British rock Boston baked beans Russian dressing French doors



Proper Adjectives

• Do not capitalize the adjectives that originally derived from proper nouns but have become common adjectives through usage.

french fries china dishes india ink manila envelope charley horse arabic numeral



Beginning of a Sentence

• Capitalize the first letter of a word beginning a sentence.

Computerized inventory has increased efficiency.



Geographic Locations

• Capitalize the names of the following specific geographic locations.

states cities mountainsvalleys lakes riversoceans geographic regions



Geographic LocationsOur new plant will be located in Los Angeles

County.

The team will move its headquarters to Kansas City.

Climbing Mt. St. Helens is not recommended.



Geographic Locations

• Capitalize county and state only when they immediately follow proper nouns.

Our tour will include New York State, and it will end in the state of Maine.



Principal Words

• Capitalize the principal words in organization names.

the League of Women Voters

College of the Canyons

the Department of Health and Human Services



Principal Words• Generally, do not capitalize company,

association, board, and other shortened forms when they replace full organization names.

• If these shortened names are preceded by the word the in legal or formal documents, they may be capitalized.



Principal WordsIt appears that our company is making a

profit.

[Informal document]

As legal agent of the Company, I am authorized to make purchases.

[Formal document]



Academic Courses

• Capitalize names of numbered courses and specific course titles.

Paige Baker, who holds a master’s degree, teaches Business 101.



Academic Courses

• Do not capitalize names of academic subject areas unless they contain a proper noun.

Sonja Eng teaches French, German, and biology.



Academic Degrees

• Capitalize abbreviations of academic degrees that stand alone or follow an individual’s name.

Janet G. Adams, Ed.D., is a business professor at Minnesota State University.



Academic Degrees

• Do not capitalize general references to degrees.

Morehead State University offers bachelor’s and master’s degrees.




Seasons

• Do not capitalize the names of seasons.

We hire clerks in the fall and winter only.


Correct any capitalization errors you find in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)

1. We visited chicago’s sears tower during easter break.

Check your skill . . .



1. We visited Chicago’s Sears Tower during Easter break.




2. Please bring a danish pastry for morning coffee.




2. Please bring a Danish pastry for morning coffee.




3. We use india ink to mark all manila folders.




3. We use india ink to mark all manila folders.

Correct




4. The city of lexington is located in fayette county.




4. The city of Lexington is located in Fayette County.




5. Contributions were made to the sudden infant death syndrome foundation.




5. Contributions were made to the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Foundation.




6. All business majors must take english and college algebra.




6. All business majors must take English and college algebra.




7. the first snow storm of the winter occurred on november 20.




7. The first snow storm of the winter occurred on November 20.



Titles of People

• Capitalize courtesy titles when they precede names.

Mr. Mrs. Ms. Miss Dr.

Special Capitalization Rules


Titles of People• When they precede names, capitalize

other personal titles that replace courtesy titles.

The speaker is ASB President Max Leids.

Last year Assistant Manager Roth joined our firm.

Did you invite Aunt Ruth and Uncle Ned?



Titles of People

• Do not capitalize personal titles followed by an appositive.

Our general manager, Mr. Harrison, reported on income.



Titles of People

• Do not capitalize personal titles or office titles following names.

We have asked Ginger Guzman, president, Guzman Enterprises, to address the training seminar.



Titles of People

• Do not capitalize a title or office that replaces a person’s name.

The president conferred with the governor of New York and the attorney general.



Mr. Larry D. Detmers

Dean of Students

3488 North Jennings

Flint, MI 48433

Very truly yours,

Esther M. Conway

Purchasing Agent

Titles of People• Capitalize titles in addresses and

closing lines.



Titles of People• Do not capitalize family titles used with

possessive pronouns.

• Capitalize titles of close relatives when they are used without possessive pronouns.

My mother and my aunt will visit Father next week.



Numbered and Lettered Items• Capitalize nouns followed by numbers

or letters except in page, paragraph, line, and verse references.

The meeting is in Room 102, Building 11, at 9 a.m.

Please consult page 15 in Volume II of Appendix C.



Points of the Compass• Capitalize points of the compass and

their derivatives when they refer to specific regions.

Before you came to the West Coast, did you spend much time in the East?

In the winter many Midwesterners travel south to Florida.



Departments, Divisions, Committees

• Capitalize the names of departments, divisions, or committees within your own organization.

Our Quality Control Department inspects every product.




• Outside your organization capitalize only specific department, division, or committee names.

Have you written to their employment division?




The Committee on Equal Opportunities meets on Tuesday.

An investigation committee may be appointed.



Government Terms• Do not capitalize the words federal,

government, national, or state unless they are part of a specific title.

The federal government administers the National Defense Act.



Product Names• Capitalize product names only when

they represent trademarked items.

• Except in advertising, common names following manufacturers’ names are not capitalized.Coca Cola drink

Big Mac hamburger



Product NamesDuPont Teflon pan

Range Rover truck

Whirlpool washer

Vaseline skin care



Literary and Artistic Titles• Capitalize the principal words in titles

of books, magazines, newspapers, articles, etc.

• Do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or, nor), and prepositions of fewer than four letters (in, to, by, for) unless they begin or end a title.




Literary and Artistic TitlesBook: The Last of the Mohicans

Article: “English as It Is Spoken”

Movie: From Russia With Love

Poem: “Something to Hope For”



1. Both father and uncle dan helped with the construction of the boat.




1. Both Father and Uncle Dan helped with the construction of the boat.




2. Scott Newman, president of the american heart association, will be the guest speaker.




2. Scott Newman, president of the American Heart Association, will be the guest speaker.




3. Our accountant, Karen Gehrke, became the company president.




3. Our accountant, Karen Gehrke, became the company president.

Correct




4. Please deliver the package to building 49.




4. Please deliver the package to Building 49.




5. The Langholtzes moved to the west edge of minneapolis.




5. The Langholtzes moved to the west edge of Minneapolis.




6. A hiring committee member has not yet been selected from our payroll department.




6. A hiring committee member has not yet been selected from our Payroll Department.




7. The package return address was “david bagne, director of marketing, king corporation, p. o. box 993, houston, texas 77089.”




7. The package return address was “David Bagne, Director of Marketing, King Corporation, P. O. Box 993, Houston, Texas 77089.”




8. For dinner I went to burger king and ordered a whopper and a pepsi.




8. For dinner I went to Burger King and ordered a Whopper and a Pepsi.



Beginning Words• Capitalize the first word of a complete

sentence.

• Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence or of an independent phrase.

Did you write, “The cautious seldom make mistakes”? No, not I.

Additional Capitalization Rules


Beginning Words• Capitalize the first words in enumerated

items and formal rules or principles following colons.

Depreciation on real estate may be calculated using the following:

1. Cost-to-cure method 2. Straight-line method 3. Combination method



Beginning Words

The supervisor often gives this advice: Consult a dictionary when in doubt.



Celestial Bodies• Capitalize the names of celestial

bodies.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars have short periods of revolution and long periods

of rotation.



Celestial Bodies• Do not capitalize the terms earth, sun,

or moon unless they appear with other celestial bodies.

The flower closes when the sun shines, but at night it opens in the light of the

moon.



Ethnic References• Capitalize terms that relate to a

particular culture, language, or race.

Both Persian and Hebrew traditions were respected.



Words Following Marked and Stamped

• Capitalize words that follow marked and stamped.

The package was stamped “Fragile.”



Special Uses of Personal Titles and Terms

• The title of an official may be capitalized if it appears within an organization’s minutes, bylaws, or other official documents.




The Director of Human Resources shall be our representative in collective bargaining.

[Statement in company bylaws]




• The prefix ex-, suffix -elect, and the words late and former are not capitalized when used with titles.

Documents were collected about ex-President Reagan.




Senator-elect Hollings has been invited also.




• Titles other than sir, ladies, and gentlemen are capitalized when used in direct address.

I must ask, Professor, when the final exam is.





It appears, sir, that your payment is overdue.



1. Please send the following items: a. lease agreement with owner b. statement of income and expensesc. budget of projected income




1. Please send the following items: a. Lease agreement with owner b. Statement of income and expensesc. Budget of projected income




2. She said she would move heaven and earth to meet the deadline.




2. She said she would move heaven and earth to meet the deadline.

Correct




3. The swedish and norwegian cultures were represented in the parade.




3. The Swedish and Norwegian cultures were represented in the parade.




4. I took the folder marked “confidential” to the vice president’s office.




4. I took the folder marked “Confidential” to the vice president’s office.




5. Mayor-Elect Torgerson and ex-councilman Miller ordered their lunches.




5. Mayor-elect Torgerson and ex-Councilman Miller ordered their lunches.




6. You, Sir, were to begin at 8 a.m.




6. You, sir, were to begin at 8 a.m.




7. Her english was spoken with a british accent.




7. Her English was spoken with a British accent.




8. The Minutes of the last meeting show the executive director requesting a final decision on the projected budget.




8. The minutes of the last meeting show the Executive Director requesting a final decision on the projected budget.



Capitalize words as needed.

1. During the winter i will enroll in spanish, history, and computer science 32.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



1. During the winter I will enroll in Spanish, history, and Computer Science 32.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



2. The american association of certified public accountants will open its annual meeting at the hyatt regency hotel in san francisco.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



2. The American Association of Certified Public Accountants will open its annual meeting at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in San Francisco.

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3. Timothy p. green, engineering manager at custom composite materials, inc., graduated from georgia institute of technology.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



3. Timothy P. Green, engineering manager at Custom Composite Materials, Inc., graduated from Georgia Institute of Technology.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



4. Both the house of representatives and the senate will recess during the spring holidays.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



4. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate will recess during the spring holidays.

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5. All sales representatives of the company will meet in the california room of the red lion motor inn at 1p.m.

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5. All sales representatives of the company will meet in the California Room of the Red Lion Motor Inn at 1p.m.

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6. My uncle had worked for several county agencies before he became a member of the legal staff of the federal communications commission.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



6. My uncle had worked for several county agencies before he became a member of the legal staff of the Federal Communications Commission.

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7. To reach my home, proceed north on highway 1 until you reach exit 10.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



7. To reach my home, proceed north on Highway 1 until you reach Exit 10.

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8. Our national sales manager and the vice president are attending conventions in the east this summer.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



8. Our national sales manager and the vice president are attending conventions in the East this summer.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



9. I found references to oriental and caucasian cultures in volume 3 of a comprehensive study of the cultures of the world.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



9. I found references to Oriental and Caucasian cultures in Volume 3 of A Comprehensive Study of the Cultures of the World.

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10. David grabbed his apple computer and ran to catch flight 21 as it was about to leave for denver from gate 12.

Chapter 19 - Quiz



10. David grabbed his Apple computer and ran to catch Flight 21 as it was about to leave for Denver from Gate 12.

Chapter 19 - Quiz


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Ch. 19 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Objectives Distinguish between common and proper...

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