Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920 Progressivism Roots of Progressivism Religious Groups ...
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Transcript of Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920 Progressivism Roots of Progressivism Religious Groups ...
Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920
Progressivism Roots of Progressivism Religious Groups Carrie Nation Radicals Muckrakers
The Jungle History of Standard Oil
Chicago Scientific Management Commission form of Gov’t. Council-Manager form of Gov’t. Robert “Battling Bob” LaFollette Direct Primary Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Minor v. Harppersett (1875) Suffrage Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Square Deal 1902 Coal Strike Curb Trusts
1903 Elkins Act 1906 Hepburn Act Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906 Conservation National Reclamation Act, 1902 US Forest Service, 1905 William H. Taft (1909-1913) Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910 16th Amendment 17th Amendment Bull Moose Party
New Nationalism Woodrow Wilson New Freedom Underwood Tariff 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Federal Reserve System, 1913 Federal Trade Commission, 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Civil Rights Niagara Movement
Ch. 17: NC Competency Goals
US 7.01: Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism. US 7.02: Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and
political gains in the Progressive Period. US 7.03: Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions
and segments of the United States' society.
Student Objectives: Students will be able to:
Identify & explain the key terms on pages 518, 522, 531, 537, & 543. Successfully complete the chapter review on pages 544-545; Identify the main social problems of the time & explain how they were
solved; Explain the role of muckrakers in Progressive society; Identify & explain the presidency of all 3 Progressive Presidents; Analyze the Women’s Rights movement; Identify & explain all 4 Progressive Amendments; and Assess the problems faced by minority community & analyze the extent of
how those problems were addressed.
Grangers
Populists
PROGRESSIVISM• Reform movement that called for gov’t. to fix the problems of Society• 2 Main Goals: Protect individual rights & regulate big business• Mainly working class people
Social Reforms Gov’t. Reforms
Problems Solutions
Tenement HousesTenement HouseLaw 1901: Stricter building codes
Child Labor
Child Labor Committee 1904: To end child laborChildren’s Bureau, 1912: Investigate & end child labor
Meat PackingPure Food & DrugAct, 1906: Label food &change processingtechniques
Drinking
Prohibition & Temperance:Effort to ban alcoholLed by Carrie Nation
Problems Solutions
Spoils System &
Patronage
Merit System & Pendleton Act: Musttake test to prove you can do the job
Political Machines&
City Bosses
City-Manager Form & Commission Form of Gov’t.: Professionals in charge of running the city gov’t.
17th Amendment: Citizens elect their Senators, not city boss
Direct Primary: Votersselect nominees for upcoming elections
PROGRESSIVISM REFORMERSThe people or groups that made it happen
Social Reformers
Gov’t. Reformers
Muckrakers• Investigative journalists thatexposed problems in society• Uncovered ugly aspects of American life Social
Gospel Mvmt.
YMCA
SalvationArmy
TemperanceMvmt.
Robert “BattlingBob” La Follette:
Reformer at State level
Upton Sinclair
Exposed problems inMeat packing industryWrote: The Jungle
Ida Tarbell
Jacob Riis
Ida Wells
Exposed problems inStandard Oil IndustryWrote: History of Standard OIl
Exposed problems withTenement housingWrote: How the Other½ Lives
Exposed lynchingWrote: Lynching & Other Southern Horrors
US Presidents:Teddy Roosevelt
William TaftWoodrow Wilson
Reformers at theFederal level
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTTHEODORE ROOSEVELT: 1901-1908
RepublicanNicknames: TR, Teddy, Trustbuster
Tariffs
Feelings aboutTrusts
• Keep good ones & get rid of bad ones• Enforced ShermanAnti-Trust Act
Platform Square Deal: Protect little people from Big Business
High
Laws Passed
Elkins Act, 1903: Illegal to change ratesor give rebates withoutnotice
Hepburn Act, 1906:Set maximum raterailroads can charge
Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906
Conservation
• TR considered this to be a very important issue• Nat’l. Reclamation Act, 1902: Created irrigation projects in the West• US Forest Srvc., 1905: Manages Nation’s water & timber resources
Conservation Laws
• 1902 Coal Strike: TR used arbitrationto stop strike; threatened to use military• Pres. Can end strikes to protect American people
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
William Taft: 1909-1913Republican
Platform None
Feelings aboutTrusts Attacked ALL trusts
Tariffs Said he would lowertariffs, but never did
Conservation • Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910: Sold land TR set aside • Angered TR & conservationists
Laws Passed None
Amendments
16th: Income Tax
17th: Direct Electionof Senators
TR Returns toPolitics
TR didn’t like what Taft was doing & decided to run for Pres. in 1912
Bull Moose Party Progressive 3rd Party of TR Tariff reductions, women’s
suffrage, labor reforms, conservation etc.
New Nationalism: Fed. Gov’t. would put national need before sectional or personal advantage
Reforming public welfare
Shot during campaign speech, kept speaking despite wound (1.5 hrs.)
In the 1912 election, the Rep. party split their vote between Taft & TR
TR got more votes than Taft, but Dems. won & take control of Congress
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
Woodrow Wilson: 1913 – 1920Democrat
PlatformNEW FREEDOM
Attacked the triple wallof privilege
Tariffs, Trusts & High Finance
Feelings aboutTrusts
Committed to regulating Big Business
Federal Trade Commission,1914: Investigated
Unfair business practices
Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914:Unions & strikes are legal
Tariffs Underwood Tariff:Lowered tariffs
Amendments
18th: Prohibition
19th: Women’s suffrage
FinancesFederal Reserve BankSystem, 1913: • Controls $ supply• 12 districts in USA• Prevented bankfailures
Laws Passed
Women had very few rights in the early 20th Century (1900s)
Court Cases
Muller v. Oregon, 1908Limited hours womenLaundry workers could
workMinor v. Happersett, 1875
Said women were citizens,but they were not
guaranteed the right tovote
Women’s movement to gainThe right to vote
Used picketing, parades, &civil disobedience
Suffrage
19th Amendmentgave women the
right to voteLeaders of the Women’s Suffrage Movement
Susan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady Stanton
Josephine Ruffin
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS & CIVIL RIGHTS
Progressive Presidents did very little to aid civil rights
for certain groups
AfricanAmericans
• Jim Crow Laws made Stronger• No Anti-Lynching Laws
Niagara Movement:Meeting of African
Americans to discuss blackconcerns & issues
NativeAmericans
• Forced to assimilate & liveon reservations• Feared culture would notsurvive
• 1930s: Finally allowedTo practice traditions• Equality still a long wayoff
Immigrants • Faced lots of discrimination
Booker T. Washington
Believed higher education for African Americans was limited
Urged African Americans to compete economically, not socially Economic importance will
end racism
Created all African American college – the Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute 1881, Alabama
Education for trades & farming
WEDB Du Bois
1st African American to earn Harvard PhD
Believed African Americans should seek liberal arts to have well educated leaders Be more than just
farmers, etc.
Wanted to challenges whites socially & economically
Used peaceful activism
George Washington Carver
Instructor at Tuskegee
Helped to end dependence on cotton in the South
Showed importance of peanuts & sweet potatoes
100s of new uses for peanuts: Inks Dyes Plastics Medicines
Ida Wells
Between 1885 & 1900: 2,500 African Americans lynched in the South It was a family affair – it
was a form of Southern entertainment
Wrote Lynching & Other Southern Horrors to draw attention to the problems in the South
Called for anti-lynching legislation
Talented 10th
Small elite group of African Americans who led the
community to end racism
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
Organization created to protect the rights of African Americans
Du Bois helped create in 1909