Ch. 16. 4 The Allied Victory

I. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts A. The North African Campaign

1. In 1942 the Allies began to turn the tide in the Mediterranean and Eastern Front

2. Winston Churchill sent General Bernard “Monty” to North Africa to challenge Rommel

A. The North African Campaign 3. The Battle of Alamein was fierce and took the Germans by

surprise eventually beating the Germans

4. Next the Americans launched Operation Torch landing 100,000 troops on the shores of Morocco and Algeria surrounding and defeating Rommel’s Afrika Korp

B. The Battle for Stalingrad

1. German forces in the Soviet Union had stalled at Stalingrad in late 1941 and in the summer of 1942 Hitler sent his Sixth Army to gain control

2. August 23, 1942 Germany launched a full scale attack & the Battle of Stalingrad began

B. The Battle for Stalingrad

3. By November the Germans controlled 90% of the city but another winter set in and the Soviets counterattacked

B. The Battle for Stalingrad

4. Feb. 2, 1943, 90,000 Frost bitten Germans surrendered to the Soviets

5. The Soviets had lost over one million soldiers to 240,000 Germans lost

C. The Invasion of Italy

1. July 10, 1943 Allied forces landed on Sicily and captured it

2. King Victor Emmanuel III had Mussolini arrested and Italy surrendered Sept. 3

C. The Invasion of Italy 3. The Germans seized Northern Italy and put Mussolini back in

charge

4. Fighting continued in Italy until Germany fell in May of 1945

5. Italian Resistance fighters captured Mussolini and executed him a day later hanging his dead body in Milan for all to see

II. The Allied Home Fronts

A. Mobilizing for War

1. To win the war the Allies needed to mobilize for total war

2. Factories converted peacetime operations to wartime production

3. Automobile industry produced tanks, Typewriter company made shells

A. Mobilizing for War 4. Many of the 17-18 million workers were women; Rosie the

Riveter

5. Rationing- could only drive 35 mph to save gasoline

B. War Limits Civil Rights

1. As a result of Pearl Harbor, U.S. Japanese citizens were forced into internment camps because they were considered a threat

2. 2/3’s of those relocated were Nisei-meaning they were American born citizens whose parents were Japanese

III. Victory in Europe

A. The D-Day Invasion

1. The Allies plan was to invade the beaches of Normandy but make it appear that they were landing at Calais

2. June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord (D-Day) began on a 60 mile stretch of beach

A. The D-Day Invasion 3. The Allies took heavy losses as the Germans were well dug;

2,700 U.S. soldiers were lost on that one day

A. The D-Day Invasion 4. The Allies held the beach heads and more than a million

troops would land within the first month

5. The Allies punched a hole in the German lines at Saint-Lo and a month later the Allies would liberate France, Belgium, and Luxembourg

B. The Battle of the Bulge

1. This is Germanys last gasp of hope; an all out counterattack

2. Dec. 16 German tanks broke through along the 75 mile front in the Ardennes

B. The Battle of the Bulge 3. The Allies were caught off guard but were able to withstand

the assault and force the Germans to retreat

C. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender

1. 3 million Allied troops from the southwest and 6 million Soviet troops from the east approached Berlin

2. By April 25, 1945 the Soviets were bombing Berlin and on the 29th Hitler committed suicide with his bride Eva Braun

C. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender

. May 7, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted the Third Reich’s surrender

4. May 9 is the official surrender date and the Allied powers celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)