Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
-
Upload
fariafaruqchoa -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
1/14
Gupta 2013
Review for Chapter 13 AP Chemistry
Essential Questions: You should be able to answer the following essential learning uestions at the
end of Chapter 13!
• What is a solution? How many different types of solutions are there?
• How is solubility defined? What are the different factors that affect solubility of a solute in a
solvent?
Conne"tions to the real#world and other Chemistry $nits
• Understanding solutions, solution concentration will help you understand acids/bases and buffers
well. You will be using this knowledge again in h !" and !#.
%evel 1 Problems: $, #, !%, !", !&, '%, '", (!, ((, (", $&, $), "%, "', "", "&
Move on to level 2 and 3, after a few level 1 problem, if you feel comfortable with level 1 problems.
%evel & and 3 Problems
Con"eptual Problems1. Why does NaCl (s) dissolve in water? (Draw and rank the !"#s present.)
2. What is vapor pressure? $ow does the addition o% a solute a&e't vapor pressure?
Why? Draw to illustrate.
!ultiple Choi'e
!. %.$"% moles of *al are dissolved in +".% m of water. alculate the molarity of the
*al solution.
-. %.%%$& . %.'!
. '.!
0. $.& 1. *one of these are correct.
'. How many moles of a2*3(4' are there in &" m of %.'" solution?.
-. %.%%((( mol
. %.%!)) mol
. (.(( mol
0. !).) mol1. *one of these are correct.
(. !" g of *al occupy a volume of &" m. What is the molarity of the solution?
-. (.$
. %.'+
. %.%!+ 0. %.%%($
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
2/14
Gupta 2013
1. *one of these are correct.
$. $".% g of a2*3(4' was used to create a !.( solution. What is the volume of thesolution?
-. %.'! m
. '!% m. (#% m
0. $.& m
1. *one of these are correct.
". 5n the reaction, ' -l 2s4 6 # Hl 2a74 ' -ll( 2a74 6 ( H' 2g4, '.%% g of -l will react
with how many milliliters of %."%% Hl?
-. (&.% m
. !!! m
. !$) m
0. $$$ m
1. *one of these are correct.#. 5n the reaction given in problem ", )%.% m of '.% Hl would react with how many
grams of aluminum?
-. !.$$ g
. $.(' g. !$$% g
0. '%(% g
1. *one of these are correct.
&.
8he cooling curve for a pure substance as it changes from a li7uid to a solid is shown above.
8he solid and li7uid coe9ist at
-. point only. point only
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
3/14
Gupta 2013
. all points on the curve between and *0. all points on the curve between and +1. no point on the curve
-. (&% k:
. "!" k:
. #)! k:
0. ++' k:
-. &!.$ k:
. &".' k:
. )%.) k:
).
+.
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
4/14
Gupta 2013
!%. 5n the reaction given in problem ", )%.% m of '.% Hl would react with how many
grams of aluminum?
!!. How much heat is absorbed by '.%% kg of water at '%; if it is heated until it is converted
completely into water vapor?
-. ".' 9 !%( k:. ".' 9 !%( :
. $."' 9 !%# :
0. $."' 9 !%( :
!'. What of the following is not true?
-. When water vapor at !%%; condenses to li7uid ,the phase change releases a large
amount of heat.. i7uid water at !%%; causes more severe burns than water vapor at !%%;.
. When water vapor at !%%; condenses to li7uid, the phase change absorbs a large
amount of heat.0. oth and
!(. Which of the following is true of a cooling curve showing the conversion of li7uid water
to ice cubes?
-. 8emperature is shown on the 9
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
5/14
Gupta 2013
!&. 8he graph below represents the uniform heating of a substance, starting below its melting
point, when the substance is solid.
Which line segments represent an increases in average kinetic energy?
,. ,- and CD
-. D and "C. ,- and -C D.-C and D
"ree esponse
1! 8he following data relate to lithium chloride.
tandard molar enthalpy change of solution is @(&.% k: mol @!
.
attice enthalpy is @)$# k: mol @!
.
alculate the value of the enthalpy change represented by C for two moles oflithium chloride.
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
6/14
Gupta 2013
&! 2i4 Use the data given below to calculate the standard enthalpy of solution of
al'.
attice dissociation enthalpy of al' A 6''"" k: mol @!
Hydration enthalpy of calcium ions A @!#"% k: mol @!
Hydration enthalpy of chloride ions A @()$ k: mol @!
2ii4 Using your answer to part 2i4, deduce how the solubility of al'
changes as temperature is increased.
3! 5 have two solutions. 5n the first solution, !.% moles of sodium chloride is
dissolved to make !.% liters of solution. 5n the second one, !.% moles of
sodium chloride is added to !.% liters of water. 5s the molarity of each
solution the same? 19plain your answer.
3U558Y UBC1 DU1853*
1) What mass of solute will dissolve in !%%m of water at the following temperatures?
a. E*3( at &%F A GGGGGGGGGGGG
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
7/14
Gupta 2013
b. *al at !%%FA GGGGGGGGGGGG c. *H$l at +%FA GGGGGGGGGGGG d. Which of the a/ove three substances is most soluble in water at !"F?
!. a. 3n a solubility curve, the lines indicate the concentration of a __________________
solution < the ma9imum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature.
b. Calues on the graph GGGGGGGGGGGG a curve represent unsaturated solutions < more
solute could be dissolved at that temperature.
abel the following solutions as saturated or unsaturated. 5f unsaturated, write how much more
solute can be dissolved in the solution.
*olution *aturated or
nsaturated?
% unsaturated $ow
u'h ore solute 'an
dissolve in the
solution?
a solution that contains &%g of
*a*3( at (%F 2in !%% m H'34
a solution that contains "%g of
*H$l at "%F 2in !%% m H'34
a solution that contains '%g of
El3( at "%F 2in !%% m H'34
a solution that contains &%g ofE5 at %F 2in !%% m H'34
(. a. What is the solubility of El at "? GGGGGGG b. What is the solubility of El at '"? GGGGGGG
c. What is the solubility of e'23$4( at !%? GGGGGGG d. What is the solubility of e'23$4( at "%? GGGGGGG
$. a. -t +%, you dissolved !% g of El in !%%. g of water. 5s this solution saturated orunsaturated?
b. How do you know?
". - mass of !%% g of *a*3( is dissolved in !%% g of water at )%;.a4 5s the solution saturated or unsaturated?GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
8/14
Gupta 2013
b4 -s the solution is cooled, at what temperature should solid first appear in the solution?
#. Use the graph to answer the following two 7uestions
Which compound is most soluble at '% ;? GGGGGGGG Which is the least soluble at $% ;? GGGGGGGG
&. Which substance on the graph is least soluble at !%? GGGGGGGGGG
). - mass of )% g of E*3( is dissolved in !%% g of water at "% ;. 8he solution is heated to&%;. How many more grams of potassium nitrate must be added to make the solution
saturated?
+. 8he boiling point of a li7uid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the li7uid
is e7ual to the pressure on the surface of the li7uid. 8he heat of vapori=ation of ethanol is )()
Ioules per gram. - sample of ethanol has a mass of #".% grams and is boiling at !.%%atmosphere.
alculate the minimum amount of heat re7uired to completely vapori=e this sample of ethanol.
,N*W*
ultiple hoice
!. 0'. (. -$.
". 0#. -&. ). "!$ k:+. &!.$ k:!%. !.$$ g!!. -!'. 0!(. !$. !". 0
!#. !&. -
Jree Besponse
!.
'. i.
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
9/14
Gupta 2013
ii. increases
(. 8he e7uation for molarity states that the molarity of a solution is e7ual to the
number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution. 5n
the first solution, the molarity will clearly be e7ual to !.% because there
are !.% moles of *al and a solution volume of !.% . 5n the secondsolution, the volume of solution is roughly e7ual to the volume of the
water plus the volume of the salt, which is a total of greater than !.% .
8here is still !.% moles of *al, so the molarity of the second solution isa little less than !.%.
olubility urve Duestions
!. a. !(%gK b. $%gK c. &%gK d. E5'. a. saturatedK b. under
8able -nswers
unsaturated L'" g more to saturation
saturated */-
saturated */-
unsaturated L#% g more to saturation
(. a. ')g/!%% g H'3K b. (' g/!%% g H'3K c. !" g/!%% g H'3K d. " g/!%% g H'3$. a. unsaturatedK b. the point on the graph lies below the line of saturation". a. unsaturatedK b. L("#. E5K e'23$4(&. El3(). "%g E*3(+. ".$" 9 !%$ :
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
10/14
Gupta 2013
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
11/14
Gupta 2013
41. 5 k67 you need to add(1809. 5.1:5. 28) to 88.4 k6
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
12/14
Gupta 2013
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
13/14
Gupta 2013
-
8/18/2019 Ch 13 Review 2013.doc
14/14
Gupta 2013