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Reformation

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Martin Luther

●Germany, Holy Roman Empire

Religious Affiliation 

●Was a Catholic monk in the order of the Augustinian Hermits

in Erfurt ● Father of Lutheranism

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Martin Luther !"!#$!"%&'(" )heses

*eginning of Reformation

+ssued in response to the sale of indulgences in the church

poke against this practice denying it -ould grant sal.ation/

 Address to the 0o1ility of the German 0ation

2olitical tract3 called on German princes to overthrow papacy inGermany and esta1lish a reformed church/

Freedom of a Christian

 4octrine of al.ation

5nly faith 1rings sal.ation not good -orks

Church does not accept this teaching and Luther is e6communicat

4ocuments Authored 1y,

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Charles 7, Holy Roman Empire r/!"!($!"

Countries:Holy Roman Empire3 in charge of Europe,

pain, 0aples, German states, *urgundy, and

the 0etherlands

Family Affiliation: 

Married +sa1ella of 2ortugal, his younger1rother Ferdinand + as Holy Roman Emperor  

and his son 2hilip ++ as 9ing of pain in !""8/

Religious Affiliation:Roman Catholicism

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Charles 7, Holy Roman Empire

Documents, Events:

ummoned the 4iet of Worms !"%!' the

Council of )rent !":"$!"8;', and the

 A1dication of Charles 7/ !"""'

Importance? 

Last Medie.al emperor< con.inced it -as hisduty to maintain unity of Western

Christendom

+n theory, Charles 7 -as the most po-erful

monarch in Europe/

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=lrich >-ingli !:?:$!";!'Family@ on of a prosperous peasant -iterland' $$ influenced 1y Christian huma

Religion@ 5rdained a priest in -iterland in !"&8 and 1ecame a cathedral priest in

Minster of >Brich Grossmunster' in !"!? preaches led to -iss reformation'

E.ents@ Starting in 1523$ 2u1lic disputations of reformation meetingsarguments 1

Catholics and reformers' $$ Starting in 1528$ >-ingli seeked to form a league o

an agreement - Luther and German reformers to fight against Catholicism and

imperialism and conser.atism' $$ 1531$ -iss Ci.il War 2rotestants .s Catholic

 Disagreement$ Luther 1elie.ed in consu1stantiation rather than transu1stantiation

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Dohn Cal.in !"&($!"8:'

● *orn in France

● First a Humanist, as -ell as a .ery influential theologian of the

2rotestant Reformation

● econd generation 2rotestant reformation

● Founded Cal.inism

 ● Most ackno-ledged for his -ork@ +nstitutes of Christian Religion

● *elie.ed in the a1solute so.ereignty of God in the sal.ation of

the human soul, and that people are 1orn -ith original sin/

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Dohn Cal.inInstitutes of hristian Religion

ynthesis of 2rotestant thought3 reputation as one of the leaders of

2rotestantism/

Contained theological ideas and morals of Cal.inism

2redestination$ uniue to Cal.inism3 1elief that god had predest

people to 1e sa.ed and others to 1e condemned

)hree test to indicate sal.ation2rofess faith openly,li.e decent and godly life, and participation

sacraments

!eneva

Council accepted his ne- church constitution

Cal.inism replaced Lutheranism in the mid$si6teenth century

Gene.a center of reformation/

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