A Method for the Selection of Deletion Mutations in the L ...
CH. 11.6 Mutations in Genes Objectives: 1.Describe the following types of mutations: a.Base...
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Transcript of CH. 11.6 Mutations in Genes Objectives: 1.Describe the following types of mutations: a.Base...
![Page 1: CH. 11.6 Mutations in Genes Objectives: 1.Describe the following types of mutations: a.Base substitution b.Base insertion or deletion 2. Explain what can.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062600/5a4d1b8d7f8b9ab0599bfc38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CH. 11.6 Mutations in GenesObjectives: 1. Describe the
following types of mutations:
a. Base substitutionb. Base insertion or
deletion
2. Explain what can cause a mutation.
Vocabulary: MutationMutagen
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Mutations
• http://www.ptbeach.com/167020813143947783/cwp/view.asp?A=3&Q=278050&C=54590
• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutations.html
Any change in nucleotide sequence of DNA
Effects vary:
None --> Severe
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Base Substitutions
• http://www.ptbeach.com/167020813143947783/cwp/view.asp?A=3&Q=278050&C=54590• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutations.html
Single Base Mutation (Point Mutation)
Replacement of one base or nucleotide for another.
May or may not cause dysfunction in protein.
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Base Substitutions
• http://www.ptbeach.com/167020813143947783/cwp/view.asp?A=3&Q=278050&C=54590• http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mutations.html
1. Silent Mutation: Substitution does not result in a change in amino acid sequence.
(More than 1 codon for each amino acid)
Ex: GAA --> GAG still makes Glutamine
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Base Substitutions
2. Missense Mutation: Substitution DOES result in an amino acid substitution.
Can have negative effects.
Sickle Cell Anemia
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Sickle Cell Anemia
•Sickled R.B.C.s are angular and inflexible
•Get stuck in blood vessels and block blood flow (=PAIN).
•Less functioning RBCs = Fatigue (limits O2 delivered to cells)•http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sca/
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Base Substitutions3. Nonsense Mutation: Substitution results in a STOP CODON.
•Shorter, incomplete protein
•Negative impacts vary (How much protein was translated?)
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Mutations: INSERTIONS & DELETIONS“Frameshift” mutations:
Nucleotide is added or removed.•Changes codons, changes amino acid sequence
•Bigger impacts/ Different Proteins
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Review Mutations
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Mutagens: Cause MutationsPhysical Agents
High frequency energy
• X-rays
• UV rays
Chemical Agents
• Free-radical oxygens
• Certain chemicals (chemotherapy)
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Mutations: Source of Genetic Variation
Mutations are passed to offspring.
Most lead to dysfunctional proteins.
Some are lethal.
Few - are beneficial (but important to gene pool) Variations in gene pool allow
species to survive when environmental conditions change.