Ch 112 From Lenin to Stalin

8/11/2019 Ch 112 From Lenin to Stalin

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Joseph Stalin

Rise to Power

Born Joseph Djugashvili

Poor, peasant family from

Georgia

Studied to be a priest

Joined the Bolshevik

underground and took the

name Stalin or Man of Steel

Got many party members

on his side and forced his way

into power. Trotsky fled to

Mexico.

1879-1953


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Stalin vs TrotskyTrotsky

-Great Speaker

-Wanted worldwide

revolution againstcapitalism

Stalin

-Wanted to focus on

building socialism at home

-Had supporters in top

jobs in Communist Party

& kept Trotsky isolated.

STALIN

WON


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Stalin Gains Power

Trotsky fled to Mexico & was later assassinated in 1929


4/13

Stalins Five-Year Plans

Stalin wanted the USSR to be a modern

industrial power 5 Year Plan aimed atimproving heavy industry, transportation, &agriculture

Command Economy (govt officials make allbasic economic decisions)

Industrial

Agricultural


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INDUSTRIAL Five-Year Plan

Industrial Growth some successes1. High production goals set

2. Govt pushed workers and managers to meet

quotas3. By 1928-1939

large factories

hydro-electric power stations huge industrial complexes rose

Oil, coal & steel production grew

mining expanded

new railroads were built


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Results of 5-Year-Plans

Some lives improved

Generally standards of

living remained poor

Wages low

Consumer goods were

scarce cars, clothes &

refrigerators

Shortages in some areasand surpluses in others

Poor quality products


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AGRICULTURE Five-Year Plan

Peasants give up private landcollectives (large farmsowned & operated by peasants as a group).

All farm animals and implements were to be turned over tothe collective


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AGRICULTURE Five-Year Plan

Idea was to teach farmers new methods andtools needed so they could produce surplusfood for city factory workers

Farmers resisted collectivism by killing farm

animals & burning crops


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The Five-Year Plans

Stalins Reaction:1. Soldiers fired weapons into crowds

2. Attempted to destroy kulaks (wealthy peasants) byconfiscating their land & sending them to labor camps(gulags)

3. 1000s were killed or died from overwork

4. Government allowed protesting peasants to starve (5-

8,000,000 people died in the Ukraine from famine)


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Stalin and his secret police charged peoplew/wide range of crimes, from counter-revolutionary plots to failure to meetproduction quotas.

Between 1936-1938, Stalin had show trials;purged party members were sent toforced-labor camps in Siberia or executedapproximately 4,000,000 in a few yrs

Anyone still alive after the purges owed theirloyalty to Stalin for sparing them

The Great Purge 1934


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How were people controlled?1. Secret Police

2. Censorship

3. Terror

4. Propaganda(Radios, loudspeakers,movies, schools, newsreels, newspapers)

5. War on religionAtheismbecame official policy of the

state

Communists targeted Russian OrthodoxChurch which supported the czars

6. Communist Ideology

Communism treated like a religion;

shrines, writings,portraits


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Foreign Policy

Communist International (Comintern) aid

revolutionary groups around the world & urge

colonial people to rise up against imperial powers

Wanted to join the League of Nations & improvediplomatic and trade relations with many western

governments

Western nations were suspicious of USSR after it was

found that they were behind some schemes to turn

strikes into revolutions


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Joseph Stalin

WWII

Formed an Alliance with

Germany in August 1939

German-Soviet Non-

aggression Pact

Nazis eventually invaded in

1941 and fighting continuedthrough the end of WWII in

1945

U.S.S.R. rallied behind Stalin even

after their great losses

Established puppet Communist

regimes and created the Iron

Curtain between Eastern and

Western Europe (1947)

Ch 112 From Lenin to Stalin

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