Ch 10 PPT Lecture

7/23/2019 Ch 10 PPT Lecture

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10

PowerPointLecture Outlines prepared by

Dr. Lana Zinger, QCCCUNY

Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

anaging Your

!eig"t


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anaging Your !eig"t

66 percent of Americans Are Oer!eight or O"ese

Associated #ea$th %is&s

Diabetes

Cardiovascular disease

Some cancers Strokes

Gallstones

Sleep apnea

Osteoarthritis

'he estimated annua$ cost of o"esity in the (nited )tates is*1+2 "i$$ion in medica$ epenses and $ost productiity.


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Obesity #rends a$ong U.%. &dults, '()), '((), and *++)


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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position

A #ea$thy -eight epends On/

Body structure

Height

Weight distribution

Fat to lean tissue ratio

uscle !eighs more than "at# so muscular individuals

might be over!eight based on traditional height$!eightcharts%


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O-erweig"t and Obesity

Overweighthaving a body !eight more than &'percent above the healthy recommended levels( in anadult# having a B) o" *+ to *,

Obesitya body !eight more than *' percent abovehealthy recommended levels( in an adult# having a B)o" -' or more

Morbid Obesityhaving a body !eight &'' percent or

more above healthy recommended levels( in an adult#having a B) o" .' or more


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Potential Negati-e ealt" /00ects o0 O-erweig"t and Obesity


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en and !o$en a-e Di00erent /1pected &$ounts o0 2at




Underweig"t

Body "at is composed o"/

Essential fat0amount necessary "or maintenanceo" li"e and reproductive "unctions# including/

)nsulation# cushion# nerve conduction# vitaminabsorption# energy# and body temperatureregulation

Dropping body "at too lo! can compromise

per"ormance and normal bodily "unction#including amenorrhea "or "emales

Storage fat0the nonessential "at that many o" ustry to shed




&$enorr"ea

1 disruption o" the normal menstrual cycle

Skin problems

Hair loss

2isual disturbances

1 tendency to "racture bones easily

Digestive system disturbances

Heart irregularities Gastrointestinal problems

Di""iculties in maintaining body temperature




ody ass 3nde1 435

)nde3 o" the relationship bet!een height and !eight

B) 4 !eight 5kg6$height s7uared 5m*6

B) o" &8%+ to *+ kg$m*indicates healthy !eight

Yout" and 3

9abeled di""erently# as :at risk o" over!eight; and:over!eight;



ody ass 3nde1 435




!eig"t Circu$0erence and 6atio easure$ents

Waist-to-hip ratio

Weight in abdominal region associated !ith more risk

Waist circum"erence greater than .' in% "or men and

greater than -+ in% "or !omen represents an increased risko" disease




easures o0 ody 2at



2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity

7enetic and P"ysiological 2actors

Body type and genes

etabolic rates

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)0the rate o" energy

e3penditure by a body at complete rest in a neutralenvironment

1 B@ "or the average healthy adult is usuallybet!een *'' and '' calories per day%




Resting metabolic rate (RMR)includes the B@ plus anyadditional energy e3pended through daily sedentaryactivities%

Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)is the energy e3penditurethat occurs during e3ercise%




Thermic Effect of Food

1n estimate o" ho! much energy is necessary to burn "oodcalories

Adaptive Thermogenesis

Ahe theory that thin people send more e""ective messages tothe hypothalamus and there"ore can consume large amountso" "ood !ithout gaining !eight

Yo-Yo Diets

@e"er to dieters !ho resume eating a"ter their !eight loss sotheir B@ is set lo!er# making it almost certain that they!ill regain the pounds they ust lost


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/ndocrine 3n0luence8 #"e ungry or$ones

9ess than * percent o" the obese population has athyroid problem and most e3perts agree !eight

problems can be traced to a metabolic or hormoneimbalance%

Hnger0an inborn physiological response tonutritional needs

!""etite0a learned response to "ood that is tied to an

emotional or psychological craving Satiety0to "eel satis"ied# or "ull# !hen one has satis"ied

their nutritional needs and the stomach signals :nomore;


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Hormones

#herlin0:the hunger hormone;

Obestatin0a genetic relative o" gherlin

$e"tin0tells your brain !hen youre "ull

#$%&'0slo!s do!n the passage o" "ood through theintestines to allo! the absorption o" nutrients


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/n-iron$ental 2actors

Bombarded !ith advertising

Changes in !orking "amilies

Bottle "eeding in in"ants

)ncrease in sedentary li"estyle

isleading "ood labels

)ncreased opportunities "or eating


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/arly %abotage8 & Yout"0ul %tart

on Obesity 2ulnerable to "ood ads

9arger portions# unk "ood

Social "actors

Decline o" home cooking )ncreased production o" calorie laden

"ast "oods

)nternet

2ideo games

Over & percent o" youth in


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Psyc"osocial and /cono$ic 2actors

Food as re!ard

Socioeconomic "actors can provide obstacles or aids to!eight control%

Studies sho! that the more educated you are# the lo!eryour B) is in the


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Li0estyle 2actors

9ack o" physical activity

1ny "orm o" activity that burns additional calorieshelps maintain !eight

Data "rom the Eational Health )ntervie! Surveysho! that . out o" &' adults in the


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#"e Concept o0 /nergy alance


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anaging Your !eig"t

9eeping !eig"t Control in Perspecti-e

ach person is di""erent%

Weight loss is not simple%

Depression# stress# culture# and available "oods can

a""ect a persons ability to lose !eight%

Set realistic goals%

Work out a maintainable li"estyle change%


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ABC News:ideo8 2ood Diary Diet !riting

iscussion uestions

1. -hat is the "est !ay to manage !eight

2. Is it possi"$e to !a&e up one day and decide to $ose!eight and "e successfu$ -hat are necessary steps toma&ing this type of decision and fo$$o!ingthrough

| Food Diary Diet Writing
http://c/%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdking%5CDesktop%5COther%5C02_PPTLecture_LEC%5C02_psychosocial_health.movhttp://food_diet_writing.mpg/http://c/%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdking%5CDesktop%5COther%5C02_PPTLecture_LEC%5C02_psychosocial_health.mov


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anaging Your !eig"t

Understanding Calories


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anaging Your !eig"t

3$pro-ing Your /ating abits

valuate !hat triggers your eating%

Seek assistance "rom the y?yramid plan%

Set goals%

eep a detailed daily log o" eating triggers%

@e!ard yoursel" !hen you lose pounds%

1void !eight loss programs that promise 7uick#

:miracle; results%


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&-oid #rigger;appy /ating


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#ips 0or %ensible %nac


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anaging Your !eig"t

Considering Drastic !eig"t;Loss easures

Very-Low-Caorie Diets

ust be medically supervised

Formulas !ith daily values o" .'' to '' calories

Can cause signi"icant health risks

etoacidosis is one potentially dangerous complication

Dr!g Treatment

FD1 approval is not re7uired "or over=the=counter :diet aids; orsupplements

Dangerous side e""ects and potential "or abuse

"#esity $!rgery

1 last resort and particularly "or people !ho are severelyover!eight and have !eight=related diseases


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anaging Your !eig"t

#rying to 7ain !eig"t

Determine !hy you cannot gain !eight%

Aips "or gaining !eight

Get moderate e3ercise%

at more calories%

at at regularly scheduled times%

Supplement your diet%

1void diuretics and la3atives% @ela3

Ch 10 PPT Lecture

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