The Third ICT Wave 1

Ch. 1. The Third ICT Wave

The Third ICT Wave 2

The communication revolution is now extending to objects as well as people. M2M (machine-to-machine) communica-tion has long been predicted, and now it is rushing into to present.

1.1 Rise of the Machines

The Third ICT Wave 3

“Rise of the machines” became a popular catchphrase af-ter Terminator 3: rise of the Machines. The movie demon-strates the power of machines or robots that could poten-tially overpower human beings.

The Third ICT Wave 4

In 2011, the world’s industrial robot population was esti-mated to be 1.2 millions.

A robot is a kind of tightly coupled cyber-physical system (CPS). A CPS is an embedded sensor network and control system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between, the system’s computational and physical ele-ments.

Cyber-physical systems or robots can be found in areas as diverse as aerospace, automotive industry, chemical pro-cesses, civil infrastructure, energy, healthcare, manufac-turing, transportation systems, entertainment, and con-sumer appliances.

The Third ICT Wave 5

ICT industry• Internet of Computers• Internet of things that embedded computers• Internet of things, consists of physical objects

The IoT will primarily expand communication from the 7 billion people around the world to the estimated 50 to 70 billion machines.

This advancement signifies a massive shift in human de-velopment, from an electronic society to a ubiquitous soci-ety in which everything is connected and everything can be accessed anywhere.

The Third ICT Wave 6

The Third ICT Wave 7

Ubiquitous computing (Mark Weiser, 1984) Internet of Things (Kevin Ashton, 1998)

• Described the IoT as “a standardized way for computers to understand the real world.”

The concept of IoT has since become popular through the radio-frequency identification (RFID).

M2M refers to technologies that allow both wireless and wired devices to communicate with each other or, in most cases, a centralized server.

An M2M system uses devices (such as sensors or meters) to capture events, which are relayed through a network (wireless, wired, or hybrid) to an application that trans-lates the captured events into meaningful information.

A wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of spatially dis-tributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or envi-ronmental conditions, and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to main location.

1.2 The IoT Kaleidoscope

The Third ICT Wave 8

1.3 Defining IoT

UbiquitousNetwork

ITU ReportOf IoT

IBM SmartPlanet

ExperienceChina

Concept Initiation

• IoT development• Fig. 1.4

The Third ICT Wave 9

“Smarter planet” and “wisdom of Earth” refer to almost the same thing as IoT or u-life.

Definitions of IoT• CASAGRAS’s (Coordination and Support Action for Global RFID-re-

lated Activities and Standardization) IoT definition:IoT is a global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtual ob-jects through the exploitation of data capture and communication ca-pabilities.

• SAP’s IoT definition:IoT is going to create a world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information network, and where the physical ob-jects can become active participants in business processes.

• CERP’s (Cluster of European RFID Projects) IoT Definition:IoT is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self configuring capabili-ties based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical at-tributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network.

• This bookThe IoT is a plethora of technologies and hteir applications that pro-vide means to access and control all kinds of ubiquitous and uniquely identifiable devices, facilities, and assets.

The Third ICT Wave 10

SWOT analysis of China’s IoT

The Third ICT Wave 11

The key application functionalities of IoT systems• Information and analysis

• Tracking behavior• Enhanced situational awareness• Sensor-driven decision analytics

• Automation and control• Process optimization• Optimized resource consumption• Complex autonomous systems

Definition of Web 3.0 vary greatly. Many believe that its most important features are Semantic Web and personal-ization; some argued that Web 3.0 is where the computer is generating new information rather than the human.

Semantic Web is defined as “a web of data that can be pro-cessed directly and indirectly by machines.”

Blending of IoT and Enterprise 2.0.• Fig. 1.8

1.4 IoT: A Web 3.0 View

The Third ICT Wave 12

A fundamental difference between the IoP and IoT• IoP

• Data are generated by people

• IoT• Data are generated by machines• The data are generated by things and consumed by people and machines

via SaaS or XaaS (Everything as a Service).

Web 3.0: The Internet of Things (XaaS)• Fig. 1.9