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CGIAR-EARS Partnership Dialogue Meeting December 3-4, 2014 Addis Ababa Bekele Abeyo CIMMYT Country Representative CIMMYTs 44-years of Collaborative Research for Development in Ethiopia

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CIMMYT is a Spanish acronym for International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center -Established in 1966 -Offices in 14 countries -More than 700 research and support staff from 50 countries

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CIMMYTs Mission To sustainably increase the productivity of Maize and Wheat systems to ensure global food security and reduce poverty

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- CIMMYT-Ethiopia relationship started in 1968 - MoU signed and office opened with two staff members in 1987 - Area of collaboration - Germplasm supply - Capacity building - Crop and natural resource management - Socio-economic research CIMMYT in Ethiopia

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Why Maize and Wheat Matter? About 14 million Ethiopian HHs (> 70 million people) in rural areas grow maize and wheat, for food and income. Maize and wheat occupy almost 4 million hectares Percent contribution of maize and wheat in cereals (FAOSTAT, 2011)

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Relative importance of maize and wheat in Ethiopia (Area, Production, and Productivity) Source: CSA, 2013/14

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Highlights of Activities

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CIMMYT Staff in Ethiopia Current total staff: 34 12 Internationally Recruited Staff 16 National Research Staff 6 National Support Staff

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CIMMYT Current Projects (15) Maize -NuME - Nutritious Maize for Ethiopia - CIDA/DFATD -SIMLESA - Sustainable Intensification of Maize-Legume Systems - ACIAR -DTMaSS Drought Tolerant Maize Seed Scaling - USAID -DTMA- Drought Tolerant Maize For Africa BMGF -TAMA - Taking Maize Agronomy to the Scale - BMGF -AP - Adoption Pathways - ACIAR Wheat -DRRW- Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat - BMGF -WSSP - Wheat Seed and Surveillance Project - USAID Cross cutting -CASFESA - Conservation Agriculture and Smallholder Farmers in Africa IFAD -CCAFS - Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security -FACASI - Farm Power and Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable - - Intensification ACIAR -M&WFP DNA Finger Printing Maize and Wheat Varieties - BMGF -AR - Africa Rising -GYGA - Global Yield Gap Atlas -T4F- Trees for Food - ACIAR

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Active projects on major challenges in the maize & wheat systems to sustainably increase productivity Climate Change CCAFS DTMA DTMaSS Quality & Sustainability NuME SIMLESA T4F AR GYGA AP Farm Machineries & Management FACASI CASFESA TAMA Wheat Rusts DRRW WSSP Food & Nutritional Security

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Comparative advantage Complementarity Commitment Partnership Modality CIMMYT EARES End users

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MoA and RBoA EIAR and its research centers Regional ARIs and their research centers Other CG Centers ATA Public and private seed producers Universities and NGOs, SG2000 Cooperative Unions Public and private mechanization importers, dealers and manufacturers Farm Radio International (FRI) ATVET Centers EPHI, MoH and Regional BoH CIMMYT - Ethiopias National Partners

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CIMMYTs key areas of focus Germplasm supply and variety release Physical capacity building Human capacity building Project development and financial support Conferencing and networking Technical support and backstopping Empowering NARS to access other services

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CIMMYT empower NARS to access other services (Global & Regional) Entry point to some services: MARS for targeting key traits DH facility (Kiboko, Kenya) Tryptophan and lysine content analysis (CIMMYT-Mexico) MLN screening facility (Naivasha, KE) Eastern Africa rust screening site (Njoro, KE)

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Example: Robust Molecular Tool Pipeline for Accelerating Maize Breeding Waterlogging Heat BLSB PUE Tar spot Striga Provitamin A MSV qHIR1 Drought NUE MLN CSC GLS TLB

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Maize DH Facility for Africa at Kiboko, Kenya

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MLN Screening Facility at KALRO-Naivasha, KE

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Achievements

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Germplasm Supply Since 1968, annually, about 6,000 7,000 maize and wheat germplasm are introduced and tested jointly with NARS under local environments As a result, 31 maize and 88 wheat varieties were released with CIMMYT Origin (next slide) Productivity of both maize and wheat have doubled in the last 10 years

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Variety Releases Number of maize and wheat varieties developed and disseminated with CIMMYT origin 30 of 42 (i.e. 71%) maize varieties released under the NARS have CIMMYT origin. 70% MAIZE WHEAT

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Physical Capacity Building Field machineries: plot planter, plot combiner, threshers, tractors Houses: lath, green, ware and head houses, stores Vehicles: station wagons & pickups (>18 for last 5 years), and motor cycles (36) Cold rooms: deep freezers, humidifiers Irrigation Systems: ponds, sprinklers (2 seasons/year) Office Computers: desktops, laptops, moisture tester, bags, envelopes etc. Lab equipment & chemicals: NIR, balances, seed counters, moisture testers

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Examples of equipment, cold room, vehicles, and modern store donated or constructed

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Transforming Kulumsa WCoE from manual planting to plot drill

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Transforming Kulumsa WCoE from manual to combine harvest

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Human Capacity Building Short term trainings (local or international): On average, about 100 trainees per year, >4000 alumni of CIMMYT training program trained in areas of: Seed production, quality control and business management Crop improvement (Agronomy/Pathology etc.) Data management Nutrition and utilization Gender mainstreaming Innovation and technology scaling out Long term trainings Over years, more than 200 students (PhD + MSc) supported by CIMMYT During the last five years (11 PhD + 28 MSc) Mentoring, hands-on trainings and student supervision

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Adapting to Climate Change CIMMYT collaborated with EARS on: Analyzing past climate changes, including extreme temperatures and drought Downscaling and analyzing future (2030 and 2050) climate conditions (temperature extremes, drought prevalence and trends, etc.) Building a national climate database (1980-2050) Supporting the national climate change adaptation strategy initiatives

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Impacts of Sustained Collaborations

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Percent area covered under improved seed of maize

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Area and Production Trends of Maize in Ethiopia (1990-2013)

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Area and Production Trends of Wheat in Ethiopia (1965 2013)

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Challenges

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Climate change with traditional farming system Erratic rain, drought and heat Lack of suitable machinery and skills of operation Natural resource degradation Lack of coordinated efforts to emerging diseases of global threats Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) New races of wheat rust (TKTTF)

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Challenges Wheat Rusts Stem & Yellow rusts are the most serious constraints in wheat Recurrent epidemics Yellow rust 2010, Stem rust 2013/14; 2014/15 Evolving new races - a major threat to Ethiopias (and global) wheat production Ug99 race group, Digalu race (TKTTF) Yr27 (Kubsa, Galema) Ethiopia & CGIAR (CIMMYT & ICARDA) are part of the global initiative to address rusts

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Limitations The centers inability to establish HCA with Ethiopian Government Long-term sustained funding Some restrictions on exchange of germplasm High staff turnover with partners

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Future Areas of Collaboration Build national research capacity with new and novel tools and techniques (e.g., MAS, Genotypic Selection) Develop long term strategy for emerging disease threats (integrated disease management systems) Enhance the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate change

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Future Areas of Collaboration Strengthen national capacity (e.g., quarantine, research-extension linkages) Gender focused, value chain analysis CA with precise management of inputs Precision phenotyping Take it to the farmers- Sustainable Seed /Technology delivery

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Thanks! The historical legacy of the CIMMYT founder and pioneering scientists will be further strengthened and continued in the agricultural transformation of Ethiopia and the region. Dr. N. Borlaug Nobel Peace Prize Winner & The father of Green Revolution in Asia Dr. S. Rajaram, 2014 - World Food Prize Winner