CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

download CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

of 7

Transcript of CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    1/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    180

    CFD for Newtonian Glucose fluid flow through concentric annuli with

    centre body rotation

    Md Mamunur Rashid

    Faculty, Bangladesh Institute of Management (www.bim.org.bd)

    4, Sobhanbag, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1207

    [email protected]

    AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been very

    successful in modeling turbulent gas and liquid flows in

    many situations. It can provide answers to complex flow,

    heat transfer and chemical reaction (usually combustion)

    problems that are simply not solvable by any other means

    except testing. Newtonian fluid flow phenomenon is very

    important in all the pharmaceutical industries and in

    many chemical industries. A computer programme can be

    capable of predicting Newtonian behavior. This is because

    of experimental investigation of Newtonian fluid flow isnot only expensive, laborious and time consuming; it is

    impossible in many cases. The power of prediction

    enables us to operate existing equipment more safely and

    efficiently. Predictions of the relevant process help us in

    forecasting and even controlling potential dangers. These

    predictions offer economic benefits and contribute to

    human well being. The existing analytical and numerical

    techniques can only deal with very specific ideal cases.

    Under this situation, a reliable computer programme,

    which can run on a personal computer, is very much

    desirable. For this reason, the laminar flow of Newtonian

    fluids through concentric annuli with centre body rotation

    has been studied numerically. The scope of this study is

    limited to numerical prediction of axial velocity profiles

    and tangential velocity profiles at steady state condition. A

    general computer program TEACH-T has been

    modified for this purpose. The program was used after

    sufficient justification. The computer program is used for

    the prediction of the axial and tangential velocities. In the

    present study, confined flow through concentric annuli

    with centre body rotation is examined numerically by

    solving the modified Navier-Stokes equations.

    Measurement of the axial and tangential components of

    velocity is presented in non-dimensional form for a

    Newtonian fluid. The annular geometry consists of a

    rotating Centre body with angular speed of 126 rpm and a

    radius ratio of 0.506. The solution of governing set of

    partial differential equations is done by finite difference

    computation. A non-uniform grid arrangement of 52 X 32

    with multiple repetitions is used. The governing equations

    have been integrated numerically with the aid of a finite

    volume method. The Hybrid scheme and central

    differencing were adopted to properly account for

    convection-diffusion effects, and the coupling of

    continuity with the momentum equations was treated with

    SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical predictions have been

    confirmed by comparing them with experimentally derived

    axial and tangential velocity profiles obtained for a

    Newtonian. For the Newtonian (Glucose) fluid, the study

    was carried out for Reynolds number of 800 and1200.

    KeywordsAnnuli, Flux, Hydraulic diameter, iso-viscous,

    Peclect number

    Nomenclature and list of symbolsm Mass flow rate , Kg/sec

    Non-dimensional temperature profiles

    R Half diameter of the pipe or tube

    Laminar viscosity, N-S/m2

    Q Volumetric flow rate, m3/s

    Gz Graetz numberPr Prandtl number

    http://www.bim.org.bd/http://www.bim.org.bd/http://www.bim.org.bd/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.bim.org.bd/
  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    2/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    181

    U Bulk axial velocity

    Fluid density, Kg/m3

    X Axial distance, mRe bulk flow Reynolds number, 2U(Ro-Ri)/

    Ri radius of inner wall of annulusRo radius of outer wall of annulus

    u, v, w axial, radial & tangential velocitiesx, r, coordinate directions

    (r-Ri)/( Ro-Ri)

    x/( Ro-Ri)

    K non-Newtonian fluid consistency

    index

    n powerlaw exponent

    1. INTRODUCTION

    In the present study, a detailed computational

    investigation on the Newtonian fluid flow through

    concentric annuli with centre body rotation with

    glucose as the working fluid will be carried out. The

    geometry and dimensions of the Newtonian fluid flow

    is based on the experimental studies Escudier et al.

    (1995) [1]. The present study deals with numerical

    investigation of Newtonian fluid flow through

    concentric annuli with centre body rotation. The fluids

    are dilute solution of Glucose. The glucose solution is

    a 1:1 w/w mixture of a glucose syrup (Crestar) and

    water. The specific objectives of this study are to

    develop a computer program for theoretical

    investigation of combined axial and tangential laminar

    velocity of concentric annular with centre body

    rotation flow and final attempt would be made to

    establish reliabilities, suitability and assessment of the

    quality of this program through comparing the results

    obtained with those available in the literature.

    Figure 1

    Schematic diagram of the numerical model

    2.PREVIOUS WORK

    Nouri et al. (1994) [2] presented experimental results

    for flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in a

    concentric annulus with rotation of the inner cylinder.

    Experiment was conducted for annular passage flow

    with an outer brass pipe of nominal inside diameter D

    of 40.3 mm, length of 2.0 m and an inner stainless

    steel rod of 20 mm diameter, Din. They pointed out

    that the mean velocity and the corresponding

    Reynolds shear stresses of Newtonian and non-

    Newtonian fluids were measured in a fully developed

    concentric flow with a diameter ratio of 0.5 and inner

    cylinder rotational speed of 300 rpm. With the

    Newtonian fluid in laminar flow, the effects of the

    inner shaft rotation were a uniform increase in the

    drag co-efficient by about 22 percent, a flatter and less

    skewed axial mean velocity and swirl profile with a

    narrow boundary close to the inner wall with a narrow

    boundary close to the inner wall with a thickness of

    about 22 percent of the gap between the pipes.

    Escudier et. al. (1995) [1]performed experiments with

    test section consists of five modules each of 1.027 m

    length and one of 0.64 m which gives an overall

    length of 5.775. It was length to hydraulic diameter

    ratio of 116. The experimental flow geometry was thatof a concentric smooth walled annulus with rotating

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    3/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    182

    centre body of radius ratio 0.506. The centre body

    rotated at a speed not exceeding 126 rpm. They

    pointed out increasing the bulk velocity (for constant

    rotational speed) produces a progressive reduction in

    the level of the tangential velocity that is similar for

    the Glucose and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)

    fluids, except anomalous behavior for CMC at low

    Reynolds number. Moreover in this area author is

    presented some works [5-8].

    3.GOVERNING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

    This work is concerned with steady laminar flow in

    concentric annuli with center body rotation. The

    rheological equation used in this work is well-known

    power law, viz.

    n

    rzz

    v

    r

    uK

    (1)

    Where,rz in shear stress, n is a temperature

    independent exponent, which is equal to unity in the

    present work and consistency index K, which is also

    temperature independent. The fluid flow in concentric

    annuli with center body rotation is considered under

    the following conditions: a) the fluid flows in laminar

    and steady. B) The fluid density , consistency index

    K, thermal conductivity k, and heat capacity Cp are

    temperature independent. Under the assumptions

    stated above, the continuity and momentum equations

    for an incompressible fluid in cylinder co-ordinate(r, ,z) system are:

    Continuity :

    0

    r

    V

    z

    v

    r

    v rzr (2)

    Momentum:

    rzrz

    VV

    r

    VV

    rrzrrrrz

    rr

    rzrz

    VV

    r

    VV

    rzrzr

    2

    rzrz

    VV

    r

    VV

    zrzzzrz

    z

    z

    r

    Where the stress tensors are given by

    n

    rr

    V

    r

    VK

    n

    zz

    VK

    n

    zzz

    VKP

    2

    n

    zrzr

    r

    V

    z

    VK

    n

    r

    r

    VKP

    2

    n

    rrr

    r

    VKP

    2

    4.DISCRETIZED GOVERNING DIFFERENTIAL

    EQUATIONS

    In the present study the finite volume approach, as

    described by Gosman et al. [1989], is adopted [3].

    Typical however, the Newtonian term, which is

    included in the present study, is introduced through

    the source terms. In his approach, the governing

    differential equations are discretized by integrating

    them over a finite number of control volumes or

    computational cells, into which the solution domain is

    divided [10-12]. Discretized transport will take the

    following quasi-linear form:

    (ap-b) p= anbnb + CWhere the anb are coefficients multiplying the

    values of at the neighbouring nodes surrounding

    the central node P. The umber of neighbour depends

    on the interpolation practice or differencing schemes

    used. Here ap is the co-efficient of p given by

    ap=n

    anb;

    n

    Summation over neighbours (N, S, E, W)

    For the present study, the hybrid Scheme is used. The

    name Hybrid indicates a combination of the Central

    (3)

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    4/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    183

    Difference Scheme (CDS) and Upwind Difference

    Scheme (UDS). For the range of peclect number

    (uL/) -2< Pe < 2, both the and convective term are

    evaluated by the CDS. Outside this range convective

    terms are evaluated using the UDS and the diffusion

    terms are evaluation using CDS. Boundary conditions

    of the present study are at inlet boundary, flat profile

    of axial velocity is specified, at outlet boundary, the

    gradients of all variables are set to zero in the axial

    direction and at wall boundaries; outer wall velocity is

    set to a constant value.

    5. SOLUTION ALGORITHM

    The procedure developed for the calculation of the

    flow field has been given the name SIMPLE, which

    stands for Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked

    Equations. The procedure has been described in

    Patankar and Spalding (1970) .Operations in the order

    of their execution is as follows:

    a) to guess the pressure field p*.

    b) to solve the momentum equations to obtain u*

    ,v*,

    and w*

    c) to solve the p* equation

    d) to calculate p by adding P/ to P*

    e) to calculate u,v and w from their starred values

    using the

    velocitiescorrection formulas.

    f) Treat the corrected pressure p as a new guessed

    pressure p*,

    return to step b, and repeat the whole procedure

    until a

    converged solution is obtained.

    Numerical solution of the governing equation for

    equation for transport of momentum is obtained by

    using the SIMPLE algorithm [10-12]. The fluid is

    considered Newtonian. The flow geometry is

    concentric with the inner pipe rotating. More corrector

    stages may be added following procedure used for thesecond corrector stage. For the flow concentric annuli

    with centre body rotation in the calculation domain

    can be done by inserting internal boundary

    condition.

    6. RESULTANDDISCUSSION

    The results of numerical simulation of Newtonian

    fluid flow through concentric annuli with centre body

    rotation are presented and compared with the

    experiments of Escudier et al. (1995) [1]. The results

    are obtained by the numerical method described in

    above solution algorithm section. The solution

    domain was bounded by the inlet plane, exit plane,

    outside solid wall, inside wall with constant rotational

    speed and axis symmetry. The entire investigation

    domain is divided into a non-uniform grid

    arrangement of 52 X32 with multiple repetition is

    used. Fine grid spacing was used near the solid walls

    and a relative course grid was used in the flow region.

    For the present study the following values of

    parameters are chosen:

    Power law index, n=1.00

    Consistency index, K=0.01 N-s/m2

    Density =1134 kg/m3,

    Outer radius Ro=0.0502 m

    Inner radius Ri=0.0254 m

    Length, X=5.775 m and

    Rotational speed of inner pipe, N=126 rpm.

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    5/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    184

    Figure 2. Grid Independence Test for Glucose of

    Re=800

    at X/Dh=104

    Figure 3. Axial velocity profiles for Glucose at

    Re=800

    Grid independence test is necessary to test whether

    the predicted results are independent of grid. At a

    constant Reynolds number, Re= 800 with 32 X22,

    42X32 and 52X32 grids. The 52 x 32 grid gave

    reasonably grid predictions when compared to the

    theoretical predicted of Yuan et al. [1969] as shown

    in figure 2. Figures 3 and 4 represent the developing

    axial velocity profiles. The profiles at different non-

    dimensional axial distance is shown in such a way ,

    thus the gradual changes in profiles from flat to

    developed parabolic type can be easily inspected.

    The last curve (at length to hydraulic diameter ratio,

    X/Dh=104) of Figure 3 shows the developed velocity

    profile compared with experimental result of Escudier

    et al. (1995) [1]. The last curve (at length to hydraulic

    diameter ratio, X/Dh=104) of figure 3 is compared

    with laminar Newtonian profile. From figure 4, the

    maximum velocity for experimental result is 1.22 and

    numerical solution 1.38. Hence again the difference

    may have occurred due to developed of turbulence by

    inner rotating pipe. From figure 3, the maximum

    velocity for laminar Newtonian profile is 1.484 and

    numerical solution 1.49.

    Figure 4. Axial velocity profiles for Glucose at

    Re=1200

    Figure 5. Tangential velocity profiles for Glucose at

    Re=800

    Hence percentage of deviation 0.5% in maximum

    velocity profile observed. This indicates the validity

    of the present methodology. For both figures 3 and 4

    the maximum velocity occurs near center of the

    annuli for Newtonian fluid. Figures 5 and 6 represent

    the tangential velocity profiles for Newtonian fluids.

    The gradual change of tangential velocity profile is

    shown in concentric annuli with centre body rotation.

    The last curve (at length to hydraulic diameter ratio,

    X/Dh=104) of figure 5 is in excellent agreement with

    the theoretical data. The last curve (at length tohydraulic diameter ratio, X/Dh=104) of figure 6 is

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    6/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    185

    compared with the experimental data of Escudier et

    al. (1995). Also in the case of Newtonian fluid it is

    shown that as the Reynolds number is increased, the

    tangential velocity levels within annular gap are

    progressively reduced. The same qualified behavior

    was found by Escudier el al. (1995) and Nouri and

    law (1994) [1-2].

    Figure 6. Tangential velocity profiles for Glucose at

    Re=1200

    Figure 7. Effects of Re of tangential velocity profiles at X/Dh=104

    Due to the turbulent diffusion of fluid at Reynolds

    number=1200 this predicted results shown in figure 6

    are not in good agreement with our numerical

    prediction. The reason is that Escudier et al. (1995)

    mentioned that in their showed experiments turbulent

    diffusion was present. Due to this turbulent diffusion

    the fluid particles move from higher velocity region

    to lower velocity region and hence uniform velocity

    occur at the central region of the annuli. But in our

    numerical scheme turbulent was not considered. Thus

    that for the Newtonian fluid flow the tangential

    velocity gradient in the inner layer must be

    substantially higher than in the outer layer. This

    expression has a consequence of the torque being

    constant within the annular gap and the assumption of

    laminar sub-layers at each surface.

    This situation for a non-Newtonian fluid is more

    complex, although qualitatively, the same trend

    evidently exists. The present prediction failed to

    reproduce this behavior. As the Reynolds number is

    increased the tangential velocity levels within the

    annular gap are progressively reduced except for non-

    Newtonian fluid (CMC) at Re 110, which is shown in

    figure 6. In figure 5 Newtonian laminar tangential

    flow for Glucose at Reynolds number 800 is

    compared with

    rr

    V rrr

    rr

    2

    111

    2

    2

    2

    1

    2

    1

    2

    2

    1

    The analytical data for following equation (Yuan S.W

    1969) [9] and it is found to be in excellent agreement.

    This shows the validity of present numerical

    predictions.

    7.COCLUSION

    Laminar axial and tangential flows through

    concentric annuli with centre body rotation have been

    studied simulated for Newtonian (glucose). The main

    findings are summarized below: a) For Newtonian

    fluids, the axial velocity profile at inlet is flat and

    gradually transforms to parabolic shape. b) Maximum

    axial velocity occurs at a region close to the inner

    wall. c) The tangential velocity decreases with the

    increase of radius. Near the inner all it changes

  • 7/31/2019 CFD for Newtonian Glucose Fluid Flow through Concentric Annuli with Centrebody Rotation

    7/7

    International Journal on Science and Technology (IJSAT)

    Volume II, Issue V, pp.180-186

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    _

    __

    186

    sharply, while near the outer wall it changes slowly

    and d) increasing the Reynolds number for constant

    rotational speed produces a progressively reduced

    level of the tangential velocity.

    8.RECOMMENDATIONS

    The same prediction can be carried out for the

    turbulent cases by incorporating the turbulent

    transport equations for both Newtonian fluid and non-

    Newtonian fluid. Similar study can be made for

    eccentric annular with centre body rotation. (e.g.

    LUDS, Quick Scheme) can be used to have better

    accuracy in this type of prediction [10-12]. Similar

    study can be made for different size, length, diameter

    and rotational speed. Similar prediction can be made

    giving the inner body rotation with vibration.

    REFERENCES

    [1 ] Escudier, M.P. and Gouldson, I.W., Concentric annular flowwith centre body rotation of a Newtonian and shear thinning

    liquid. Int. Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. Vol. 16. No.3

    (1995).

    [2 ] Nouri, J.M. and Whitelaw, J.H., Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids in a concentric annulus with rotation of the

    inner cylinder, J. Fluid Engineering, vol.116, pp821-827,

    (1994).

    [3 ] Gosman AD, and Iderials FJK, TEACH-T: A generalcomputer program for two dimensional turbulent re-

    circulating flows, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

    Imperial College, London, SW7,1976[4 ] Patankar SV, and Spalding DB, Heat and Mass transfer in

    Boundary layers, 2nd Edn. Intertext Books, London, 1970

    [5 ] Rashid MM, and Naser J.A., Computational Fluid DynamicsFor Newtonian Fluid Flow Through Concentric Annuli With

    Center Body Rotation, Proceedings of the Fourth

    International Conference on Mechanical Engineering,

    December,26-28, 2001, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Volume-II,

    SectionIV (Fluid Mechanics), pp. 119-123

    [6 ] Rashid MM, and Naser J.A., Non-Newtonian Fluid FlowThrough Concentric Annuli, Proceedings of the First BSME-

    ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, 31

    December, 2001-2 January 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh; pp.

    S46-S51

    [7 ] Rashid MM, , Numerical Simulation - A Modern Concept ofChemical Industries, In the Proceedings of the 1st Annual

    Paper Meet and International Conference on Chemical

    Engineering, February 12, 2002, IEB Chandpur, Bangladesh ,

    Paper No-7, pp.72-77

    [8 ] Rashid MM, Numerical simulation of non-Newtonian fluidflow through concentric annuli with center body rotation,

    M.Sc in Mechanical Engineering Thesis, BUET, 1996.

    [9 ] Yuan SW, Foundations of Fluid mechanics, Prentice-Hall ofIndia Private limited, New Delhi, 1969.

    [10 ]Anderson DA, Tannehill JC, and Pletcher RH, ComputationalFluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing

    Corporation, Washington DC, 1984

    [11 ]Popovska F, and Wilkinson WL, Laminar heat mass transferto Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in tubes, Chemical

    engineering Science, 32, 1154-1164,1977

    [12 ]Nouri, J.M. Umur, J.M., and Whitelaw, J.H., Flow ofNewtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids in concentric and

    eccentric Annuli, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,253,617-641,

    (1993).

    Md Mamunur Rashid is

    Bangladeshi National and was born

    in 1970. He has been serving as a

    Faculty at Bangladesh Institute of

    Management (BIM), Dhaka since February 2004. He also

    worked as adjunct faculty at DIU, BOU. IBAISU, BUBT,

    BUET, IPM, DIPTI and Planning Academy. Prior this job

    he worked as a Mechanical Engineer of Jamuna Fertilizer

    Company, Bangladesh for seven years. He obtained

    Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering degree

    from RUET (erstwhile BITR) in 1993, Master of Science in

    Mechanical Engineering degree from BUET in 1996 and

    Master of Business Administration degree from BOU in

    2004. He completed a Diploma in Computer Science and

    Applications, a Post Graduate Diploma in Human Resource

    Management and a Post Graduate Diploma in Marketing

    Management. He has around 34 publications in renowned

    Journals (17) and International Conferences (17). Now, he

    has been conducting doctoral research at Kitami Institute of

    Technology, of Japan since January 2010. He is member

    of the following professional organization/body: IEB,

    JSPE, BSME, BSTD, IPM and BCS.