Certified Crop Advisor Training January 22, 2002 Macon, Georgia
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Transcript of Certified Crop Advisor Training January 22, 2002 Macon, Georgia
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Almost Everything You Want to Know About Stink Bugs and What You Better Know about
Roundup Ready Cotton
Certified Crop Advisor Training
January 22, 2002
Macon, Georgia
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Insecticide Applications per AcreGeorgia Cotton, 1986-2001
15.8
7.8
10.511.912.6
7.4
54.2 4.7 4.5
23.4 2.6
1.32.2 1.9
0
5
10
15
20
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
No.
Ins
ecti
cide
App
lica
tion
s
Beltwide Cotton Conferences
Boll Weevil Era
--Active BWEP-- (does not include BWEP sprays)
--Boll Weevil Free-----------------------low populations
---------Bt Cotton--------
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Survey MethodsInsect Boll Damage Survey: Georgia 2001
• Ten fields per county.– 5 Bollgard and 5 Non-Bt
– Fields had cutout
• Collected 100 bolls per field.– Approximately 50 bolls collected from
two locations.
– Sampled all harvestable bolls from
individual plants.
• Examined bolls for insect damage.– Worm Damage
– Bug Damage
• Insecticide application history.– Target Pest(s)
Counties Surveyed:
Appling, Brooks, Bulloch, Burke, Colquitt, Decatur, Dooly, and Terrell
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Survey Methods• Green bolls examined
internally.
• Bolls with at least one lock with significant rot were considered damaged.
• Worm Damage
• Bug Damage
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Percent “Bug” and Larval Damaged BollsInsect Boll Damage Survey: Georgia 2001
2.67 2.96
0
2
4
6
8
10
Worms Bugs
Per
cent
Dam
aged
Bol
ls
39 Bollgard and 43 Non-Bt Fields
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Percent “Bug” Damaged BollsInsect Boll Damage Survey: Georgia 2001
3.21
2.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
Bollgard Non-Bt
Per
cent
Dam
aged
Bol
ls
• Complex of “Bugs” may feed on developing bolls.
** Prob |t| <0.0139 Bollgard and 43 Non-Bt Fields
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Mean Insecticide ApplicationsInsect Boll Damage Survey: Georgia 2001
Bugs 1.16 0.31
Worms 0.24 2.48
Bollgard Non-Bt
1.22
2.52
** Prob |t| <0.0137 Bollgard and 42 Non-Bt Fields
**
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Stinkbug “Complex”
• Predominant species include Southern Green Stink Bug and Brown Stink Bug
• Other true bugs such as Tarnished Plant Bug and Leaf Footed Bugs cause similar damage
• There are predaceous species such as the Spine Soldier Bug
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Southern Green Stink Bug
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Brown Stink Bug
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Striped LeafFooted Bug
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Bug Damage--What Does it Look Like?
• Fruit abortion
• Hawk-billed bolls
• External boll punctures
• Internal boll punctures, warts
• Internal rot
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Misshapen or hawk-billed bolls result from poorpollination or poor seed development in one or more locks.
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Bug feeding can result in external punctures. These sites serve as ameans of pathogen entry into thedeveloping boll. External sites donot always indicate internal entry or punctures.
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Internal damage initially appearsas warty growth (within 24 hr).Discoloration and rot proceeds toa single seed, lock, or throughoutthe entire boll.
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Stink Bug Threshhold
• Depend on reliable scouting procedures
• They are shy, mobile creatures
• What is damage?
• Adjacent crop has significant impact
• Best approach: Boll DAMAGE Count
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Aren’t they shy!
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Cotton / Peanut Interface
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When should we spray?
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
10% 20% 30% 1bug/6 ft Unt
Threshold Level
lb L
int p
er A
cre
ab a abc bc c+109+93 +66 +32
4.2Bidrin
2.0Bidrin
0.6Bidrin
1.0Bidrin
0appl
$48.48*$20.90* $34.61* $10.89*
*Net= $0.60/lb - $8.31/appl
J. Greene, summary of 5 locations
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“Bug” Threshold
• When 20% of medium sized bolls (the diameter of a quarter) display internal signs of feeding and stink bugs are observed. OR
• Treat when stink bugs number 1 per 6 row feet.
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Stink Bug Control
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Stink Bug Trial 2000Irwin County GA - Tyler
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Stink Bug Trial 2000Irwin County GA - Tyler
19
40
71
54
199 8
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug 16-Aug
Per
cent
Dam
age
Untreated Karate
744866
0
250
500
750
1000
Untreated Karate
Lin
t (l
bs
per
acr
e)
Treated July 27
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Stink Bug Field TrialLang Rigdon Farm - 2001
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Untreated Decis 2 ozs Bidrin 8 ozs
Bug
s pe
r 18
Row
Fee
t
SG Adults Brown Adults Brown Nymphs OtherLSD (p=0.05) 4.4Treated Sept 2
14.33
3.33
0.67
2 row cotton plots in peanuts.
4 DAT
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Southern Green vs. BrownInsecticide Susceptiblity
Pyrethroids Bidrinmethyl parathionVydate
OP’sBidrinmethyl parathionOrthene
Pyrethroids are weak on Brown Stink Bug
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When does a bollreach the point thatit will not sufferdamage from bugs?
About 25 days
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Top 12 Varieties and Technology in 2001 GA Crop
B/RR RR B Conv DP 458 BR ST 4892 BR DP 451 BR DP 655 BR
DP 5415 RR DP 5690 RR SG 521 RR DP 436 RR DP 425 RR
NuCOTN 35B
DP 5415 FM 989
Distribution across technology (% of total acreage)
41.5 40.8 4.6 12.1
(USDA Ag Marketing Survey, August 2001)
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Top 12 Varieties in 2001 GA Crop
B/RR RR B Conv DP 458 BRR (20.6) ST 4892 BR (5.2) DP 451 BRR (4.8) DP 655 BRR (2.5)
DP 5415 RR (16.5) DP 5690 RR (15.0) SG 521 RR (3.4) DP 436 RR (3.2) DP 425 RR (2.7)
NuCOTN 35B (2.0)
DP 5415 (2.3) FM 989 (2.0)
USDA Ag Marketing Survey, Aug 2001
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Technology Distribution (%) of 2000 vs 2001 GA Crop
0
10
20
30
40
50
(%)
B/RR RR B Conv
2000 2001
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Roundup Ready Cotton Issues
• Variety performance
• Mechanism of crop “tolerance”
• Weed management programs
• TIMING of applications
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RR Cotton Variety Performance
• Glyphosate (properly applied) does not affect the yield of RR cultivars
• In terms of yield potential, RR cultivars are not superior
• Conventional, Bollgard/RR, and Bollgard varieties outperform RR varieties
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In variety trials in high yield environments, RR varieties are rarely in the top 20 percent.
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RR Cotton Mechanism of Crop Tolerance
• A genetically altered enzyme system provides tolerance to glyphosate in the production of shikimic acid (amino acids)
• Glyphosate is not degraded within the plant
• Excellent vegetative tolerance but marginal tolerance in developing flower
• Can sterilize pollen
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Roundup Ready Weed Management...
there are many, many options.
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Roundup Ready Programs
Options (6) Preferred StandardPPI / PRE Dinitroaniline
OTT 1-2 LF
OTT 2-4 LF
glyphosate orglyphosate + Staple
PDIR 6-10 LF
LAYBY
diuron or prometryn +MSMA
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RR Cotton Weed Management--Reasons to Include
Conventional Herbicides in Program
• Reduce potential for early competition
• Improve control spectrum
• Reduce selection pressure for weed shifts and resistance
• Avoid phantom fruit loss with (mis) directed applications
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Not Precise Enough!
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Timing is Everything!
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4-Leaf Cotton
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5-Leaf Cotton
Too Late?
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Not Precise Enough!
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Precision is critical with directed applicationsof glyphosate in RR cotton!
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