CERTIFICATION

• STAMPED

• SELF-ADDRESSED

• ENVELOPE

• $1.00

• DO NOT SEAL IT

#1Recognizing an emergency

You may realize that an emergency has occurred only if something unusual

attracts your attention

#2 WHAT MIGHT GET YOUR ATTENTION

• Unusual sights

• Unusual appearances or behaviors

• Unusual odors• Unusual noises

#3 FEARS WHEN CONFRONTED WITH AN EMERGENCY

• The presence of other people

• The type of injury or illness

• Fear of catching a disease

• Fear of doing something wrong

• Fear of being sued

• Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

#4 HOW TO GET PAST THE FEAR

• Training

• Avoid contact with blood or body fluids

• Know the Good Samaritan Laws

• Know how to Obtain Consent

#5 OBTAINING CONSENT

• State your name

• Tell your level of training

• Ask if you can help

• Explain what you think may be wrong

• Explain what you plan to do

#6 HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF

• Avoid contact with

• Blood

• Body fluids

• Use protective equipment such as

• Disposable gloves

• CPE breathing barrier

• Wash your hands immediately after care

#7 THREE BASIC STEPS TO TAKE IN ANY EMERGENCY

• CHECK

• CALL

• CARE

#8 WHAT TO DO CALL FIRST OR CARE FIRST

• Call first

• Care first

#9 WHEN TO MOVE AN ILL OR INJURED PERSON

• MOVE ONLY…

• To provide proper care

• To get to an more seriously ill or injured person

• In the event of immediate danger

#10 LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS

• Unconsciousness• Not breathing or having trouble breathing• Choking• Persistent chest pain• No signs of life• Severe bleeding• Severe burns• Shock• Seizures reoccur, last more than 5 minutes, or

are a result of injury, or during pregnancy. • Diabetic, failure to regain consciousness

#11 CHECKING A CONSCIOUS ADULT OR CHILD

• Checking a conscious adult• Check the scene• Obtain consent• Head to toe exam• Care for conditions found• Minimize shock• Checking a conscious child• Same but check toe to head• Be calm and reassure both child and

parent• Don not separate the child form the parent

#12 WHAT IS ABC

• ABC–Airway

–Breathing

–Circulation

• Video / skill session

• Checking an unconscious adult

• Checking an unconscious child abbreviated 3:46

• Checking an unconscious infant abbreviated 2:06

#13 CHECKING A PULSE

• Adult

• Carotid

• Child

• Carotid

• Infant

• Brachial

• Video / skill session

#14 BREATHING EMERGENCIES

• Having trouble breathing or cannot breath at all• May be caused by injury, illness, or disease• Asthma can be prevented by following a

physicians guidance and taking prescribed medications

• Allergic reactions can be prevented – recognizing the first signals of an allergic reaction– getting immediate help

• First aid for breathing emergencies is similar for children and infants. Some differences occur due to the infants smaller body size.

#15 COMMON CAUSES OF CHOKING ADULT

• Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food

• Drinking alcohol before or during meals

• Wearing dentures

#16 COMMON CAUSES OF CHOKING CHILD

• Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food

• Eating while talking excitedly or laughing or eating too fast

• Walking playing or running with food or objects in the mouth

• Swallowing small objects ; or pieces of food can block the airway

• Video / skill session

• Conscious choking

• Adult

• Child

• infant

#17 COMMON CAUSES OF CHOKING INFANT

• Infants airway has not fully developed it is smaller than an adults

• Still developing eating skills

• Lack of supervision

#18 KEY POINTS FOR RESCUE BREATHING CHILD

• Commonly caused by injury illness or choking

• Give 1 breath every 3 seconds

• Check for signs of life about every 2 minutes

• Each rescue breath should last about 1 second

#19 TERMONOLOGY

• Heart attack

• MI

myocardial infarction

• Cardiac arrest

# 20 SIGNALS OF A HEART ATTACK

• Chest pain spreading to the shoulders neck jaw or arms

• Shortness of breath or trouble breathing• Nausea or vomiting• Dizziness lightheadedness or fainting• Pale ashen grayish or bluish skin• Sweating

# 21 CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

• EARLY recognition and EARLY access

• EARLY CPR

• EARLY defibrillation

• EARLY advanced medical are

#22 WHEN TO STOP CPR

• The scene becomes unsafe

• You find signs of life

• And AED is ready to use

• You are too exhausted to continue

• Another trained responder arrives and takes over

#23 WHAT IS AN AED

• Device that analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythm and if necessary prompts you to deliver a shock to a victim of sudden cardiac arrest

• The shock called defibrillation may help the heart to reestablish and effective rhythm

• If the AED prompts you “no shock advised” give 5 cycles (or about 2 minutes) of CPR

# 24 WHAT NOT TO DO WHEN USING AN AED

• Do not touch the victim while the AED is analyzing• Do not touch the victim while the device is defibrillating• Be sure that no one else is touching or in contact with the

victim or equipment• Do not use alcohol to wipe the victim’s chest• Do not defibrillate someone when around flammable

materials• So not use an AED In a moving vehicle• Do not use an AED on a person who is in contact with water• Do not use an AED designed for adults on a child• Do not use an AED on a victim wearing a nitroglycerin patch• Do not use a mobile phone or radio within 6 feet of the AED

#25 LEADING CAUSES OF INJURY RELATED DEATH

• Motor vehicle crashes

• Falls

• Poisonings

• Drowning

• Choking

#26 TYPES OF INJURY

• Soft tissue injury

• Musculoskeletal injury

#27 TYPES OF WOUNDS

• Open

• Closed

#28 WHAT IS A CLOSED WOUND

• Soft tissue damage occurs beneath the surface of the skin leaving the outer layer intact. Internal bleeding may occur

#29 CARE FOR A CLOSED WOUND

• Apply direct pressure

• Elevate the injured body part if it does not cause more pain

#30 WHAT IS AN OPEN WOUND

• Break in the skin can be a minor as a scrape on the surface layers or as severe as a deep penetration

• Abrasion

• Lacerations

• Avulsions or amputations

• Punctures

#31 CARE FOR AN OPEN WOUND

• MINOR• Damage is only superficial and bleeding is

minimal• Wash with soap and water cover with dressing

and a bandage• MAJOR• Apply direct pressure to the wound• Dress and bandage the wound• Treat for shock

#32 TYPES OF BURNS

• Thermal (heat)

• Chemical

• Electrical

• Radiation

#33 SEVERITY OF A BURN

• Superficial

• Partial thickness

• Full thickness

#34 CRITICAL BURNS

• Difficulty breathing• Covering more that one body part or a large

surface area• Suspected burns to the airway• Burns to the head neck hands feet or genitals• Full thickness burn and younger than 5 or older

than 60• Resulting from chemical, explosions or

electricity

#35 CARING FOR A BURN

• Check the scene for safety• Stop the burning by removing the person from the

source of the burn• Check for life-threatening conditions• Cool the burn with large amounts of cold running

water• Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing• Prevent infection• Take steps to minimize shock• Keep the person form getting chilled or overheated• Comfort and reassure the person

#36 INJURY TO MUSCLES BONES AND JOINTS

• Fractures • Opened• Closed• Dislocation• Sprain• Strain

#37 R.I.C.E.

• REST

• IMMOBLIZE

• COLD

• ELEVATE

#38 WHEN TO SPLINT

• Splint only…• In the position in which you find it• The Injured area and the joints or

bones above and below the injury site

• If you will be transporting the person to medical care

#39 TYPES OF SPLINTS

• Soft

• Rigid

• Anatomic

• Sling and binder

#40 HEAT RELATED EMERGENCIES

• Heat Cramps

• Heat Exhaustion

• Heat Stroke

• Young children and elderly are the most susceptible to extremes in temperatures

#41COLD RELATED EMEMGENCIES

• Frostbite

• Hypothermia

• Young children and elderly are the most susceptible to extremes in temperature