Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Status and Plans

Alistair Walker

Tucson, AZ 12 October, 2004

NationalOpticalAstronomyObservatory

Telescope & Instrument Status - I

BLANCO– M1 aluminized July 2004– M1 radial supports repaired, maintenance of M1 active supports– M1 position adjusted - now (before correction) astigmatism is constant over the sky. This is a

MAJOR advance– PF corrector overhaul– Few resources available for any “improvements”, candidates are

• Characterize environmental control system • Drives servo tuning• Telescope Control System replacement & other “DECam infrastructure”

SOAR– Integration & commissioning phase; Optical Imager, OSIRIS, Goodman Sp.– LL CCDs, initial tests show need for O2 soak, another bad foundry run experience– M1 lateral support problem - remake necessary, ongoing new FEA studies– 2005A “shared risk” science at 25-40% level, 2005B “regular operations”

SMARTS– 0.9m, 1.3m, 1.5m in full-time operation– 1.0m started operations April 2004– NOAO users get 25-30% of the time (27% in 2005A&B, in exchange for paying FY03 AOSS

supplement)– Near 50% service on 0.9m, 1.0m, 1.5m, 100% queue on 1.3m

Telescope & Instrument Status - II

OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITIES

• GONG

• PROMPT– UNC, PI Dan Reichart– 6 x 0.5m telescopes, GRB rapid-response, triggers ToO at SOAR– Significant education component– Status - MOA signed (5 years); ground-breaking September 2004

• SCHMIDT– NASA debris (geosynchronous orbit) program - Pat Seitzer (U. Mich)

• BOCHUM Hexapod– FEROS (high-throughput fiber fed Echelle) clone funded– MOA approved by all parties, in signing phase– Ground-breaking in a couple of months?– SMARTS II?

• SWARTHMORE ALL-SKY EMISSION LINE SURVEY

• SITE TESTING FOR THE TMT

Telescope & Instrument Status - III

BLANCO INSTRUMENTS

– MOSAIC II (2004A 30%, 2004B 46% as scheduled)• Faulty CCD successfully replaced• SM/Essence programs observe from la Serena, MOSOCS

– ISPI (2004A 34%, 2004B 18% as scheduled)• Three times as popular in 2004 cf 2003• Easy to use, last bugs being swatted

– HYDRA (2004A 17%, 2004B 16% as scheduled)• Not much change in use pattern

– RC SPEC (2004A 12%, 2004B 16% as scheduled)• Air Schmidt + Loral 3K• Lower use than in the past

– ECHELLE SPEC (2004A 6%, 2004B 5% as scheduled)• Long cameras (Tek 2K CCD)• Steady decline in use

ISPI

Telescope & Instrument Status - IV

SMARTS INSTRUMENTS

– 1.5m. Mostly Cass Spectrograph with Loral 1K CCD, but large block of U. Montreal IR Imager CPAPIR (AMNH) time in 2005A, 2005B. Instrument arrives early January,

– 1.3m. ANDICAM (OSU). Dual CCD/IR Imager Q-scheduled. Only 3/4 of the IR array works

– 1.0m CCD Imager (OSU). Small 512 CCD, to be replaced with 4K CCD. Schedule for the latter uncertain (November?), awaiting processing at U of Arizona (Mike Lesser)

– 0.9m CCD Imager (CTIO). New TCS (March 2005)

– NOAO (and consortium members) get• Good range of telescopes & instruments• Service observing option, synoptic-optimized queue on 1.3m• National Observatory level of support & reliability

– Consortium members additionally get• Student education (SUNY, GSU, Delaware students doing

observing too)• Science projects of scale

Resulting in happy customers

– SMARTS SCIENCE -- San Diego AAS, Thursday January 13

Telescope & Instrument Status - V

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

• TELOPS group split between Blanco & SOAR, two members -> SMARTS

• Aging and complex instrumentation

• Blanco down time for all reasons around 4% -- TOO HIGH!! Should be 2.5% The difference is 5.5 nights/year

• Scientific staff multiplexed, effectively 1 FTE Blanco, 0.5 FTE SOAR, 0.l FTE SMALLS

• Need to support multiple new instruments on SOAR for NOAO users (Optical Imager, OSIRIS, Goodman spectrograph, IFU Spectrograph, Spartan IR camera, Phoenix shared with Gemini). Later, SAM (SOAR AO) and STELES.

• Available US public time in Chile has changed from (2001) 325 4m and 750 small telescope nights per year to (2006) 100 6-8m nights, 435 4m nights and 325 small telescope nights per year (factor 2.2 increase in night x area)

NEAR TERM ACTIONS

• Careful prioritization of tasks

• Aided by tools such as GNATS trouble-reporting database software in-use, utilize to identify persistent offenders

• Simplify instrument complement to Mosaic, Hydra, ISPI. RC Spec only in 2005A, single blocked run.

THE FUTURE

BLANCO

• MOSAIC, ISPI, HYDRA

• NEWFIRM (2007->) [7 x area coverage of ISPI]

• DARK ENERGY CAMERA (2009->) (DES 2009-2014)

[A = 38 cf MOSAIC = 4.5, LSST=302]

• Need UC support... Closing the Blanco to pay for high-priority NSF-Astronomy programs is “on the menu”

SOAR

• First generation instruments enhanced with SOAR Adaptive Optics (SAM) and SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) in 2006

SMARTS II

• SMARTS ends Feb 1 2006.

• Discussions about SMARTS II are beginning (January AAS meeting)

THE FUTURE - 4K x 4K NEWFIRM

– Instrument to be shared between KPNO and CTIO

– Status: On Mayall for testing late 2005

– Mayall/Blanco sharing TBD. Strawman would be to come south in mid 2007 for 9 months?

– UC question: please advise on Mayall/Blanco scheduling cadence

– Should we clone NEWFIRM?

THE FUTURE - 22Kx22K Dark Energy Camera

• Proposal received from Fermilab led consortium (UIUC, U Chicago, UCB/LBNL) in response to AO

• Reviewed by SAGENAP, Temple Review, BIRP• Study Dark Energy using four complementary techniques:

– Cluster counts & clustering– Weak lensing– Galaxy clustering\– SNe Ia distances

• See https://plone3.fnal.gov/DES/Plone/the-projectTwo multiband surveys: 5000 deg2 g, r, i, z 40 deg2 repeat (SNe)

• 3 sq. deg. Field camera• New corrector• Data pipelines, archives• All user data through same pipelines (NOAO DPP collaboration)

See “Community Science”; in UC additional papers

WWW site: https://plone3.fnal.gov/DES/Plone/the-project

Dark Energy Camera Community Science - Examples

• SOLAR SYSTEM– Kuiper Belt searches

• STELLAR SCIENCE– Proper motion surveys of galactic open clusters– Cool white dwarfs– Globular cluster tidal streams– Variable stars (e.g. CV’s in the galactic plane)– Space astronomy follow-ups

• EXTRAGALACTIC SCIENCE– External stellar populations– Microlensing towards the Fornax Dwarf Galaxy– Dwarf galaxy searches in nearby galaxy groups– Intra-cluster light– Photometric surveys of the high redshift universe

• DES LEGACY ARCHIVE SCIENCE– Strong lensing in galaxy clusters– QSO survey to z ~ 6

Instrument Project milestones

• Optics and CCDs are the most Challenging tasks• CCDs: Preproduction run: FY05, Production run: FY06 and FY07• Optics: Order glass in FY06, Figuring/polishing in FY07

ID Task Name Start

10 Funds available (Fermilab R&D, external) Fri 10/29/04

38 Ready to submit masks to Dalsa Thu 12/2/04

40 Order 24 wafers of devices Thu 12/30/04

43 1st fu lly processed CCDs (8) in hand Thu 10/6/05

46 Submit order for final processing of remaing 1st batch wafers Thu 10/13/05

58 First production CCDs in hand Thu 7/6/06

17 FY07 funding available Tue 10/31/06

363 Order Corrector elements Tue 10/31/06

146 CCDs Ready for mounting on focal p lane Tue 1/15/08

368 Lenses and filters complete Mon 1/21/08

335 Dewar closed, ready for testing Tue 3/11/08

265 Camera testing complete - ready for corrector Tue 8/26/08

423 corrector, fi lters and cage ready for camera Mon 9/1/08

453 Prime focus cage complete Mon 10/27/08

455 Testing complete Mon 1/5/09

457 Ready to Ship to Chile Mon 1/19/09

489 Ready to Mount on Blanco Mon 3/16/09

491 1st light Mon 4/27/09

493 1st useful data Mon 5/25/09

Qtr 3 Qtr 1 Qtr 3 Qtr 1 Qtr 3 Qtr 1 Qtr 3 Qtr 1 Qtr 3 Qtr 1 Qtr 3 Qtr 12004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Fully Commissioned byJune 2009!

order preproduction CCDs 12/04,

FY 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

production CCDs 7/06Order opticalelements 10/06

Camera testing at FNALcomplete 8/08

in hand by 10/05

Data Mgmt Development Plan

• Close collaboration between

– Univ. of Illinois & NCSA (LEADER: Joe Mohr)

– NOAO Data Products Program

– Fermilab

– Univ. of Chicago

• Solution

– Merge DES needs with NOAO DPP program plans

• Focus DES resources on DES-specific needs

– Produce ONE Archive, ONE Pipeline, ONE data management system overall

Dark Energy Camera - this year

• Letter of Intent (Feb 15), Proposal (July 15) received by NOAO. Reviewed by Blanco Instrumentation Review Panel (BIRP), recommendation to proceed

• Presentation to SAGENAP (April), positive words in report (September)

• Temple Review (Fermilab), successful

• Project presentations at NSF, DOE (September), plus various meetings

• Management Structure in place; Full WBS exists– Project director - John Peoples

– Instrument manager - Brenna Flaugher

– Data manager - Joe Mohr

– Management Committee (one member from each partner)

• Reference Instrument Design Prepared to allow schedule & costing

• CTIO Visit to discuss Blanco issues, October 4-8

Dark Energy Camera - the next year

• SAGENAP recommended a Dark Energy Roadmap be prepared (DES proposal to NOAO outlined this)

• DECam appearing on this roadmap will likely gate DOE funding beyond the present R&D funding lines (Critical Decision 0)

• NSF plead they have no money. ATI grant funding may be restricted to funding some of the Data Management, this part of the project is at the university partners rather than Fermilab and is high leveraged

• Attract another partner to close the funding gap. This is being actively pursued

• Continue Design and Development of the Camera, the Data Management, Blanco infrastructure improvements

• Prepare MOU between Fermilab and MOU

Some specific issues for the UC1. Time scheduling for the DES

• Time split is 60% NOAO, 30% DES, 10% Chile

• Time split is “nights available for observing”, i.e. after engineering nights removed.

• A strawman schedule envisages the DES starting in September and finishing at the end of February. Jan-Feb nights would be split, with DES first half.

• SM/Essence take 10 nights/month for 3 months for 5 years, by comparison

Month/date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 September D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D N N N N N N D D D D D N N 22October N N D D D D D D D D D D D N N N N N D D D D D D D N N D D D D 22November D D D D D D D D D N N N N D D D D D D D D D D D D D N N N N 22December D D N N N N N N N N D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 22January D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N N N N N N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N N N N N D/N 10.5February D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N N N N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N N N N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N D/N 11.5

darkest, 0-3 N = NOAO + CHILEdark, 4-7 D = DESgrey, 8-11bright 12-15closed

Month/date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 110 September OctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugust

DESDES/NOAO split nightsNOAO

● 4 installed at a time, in cartridges

● DES uses SDSS g,r,i,z

● Daytime change operation

● Cost $100,000 each

● Smart cartridge?

● Less use of UBVRI in favor of ugriz?

● Suggest DDO51, [OIII], [SII], Y (1 micron), H set

● Investment of > $500K in filters needed to support community science

2. Filters

3. Impact of no ADC

g

riz

LMC, SMC limits

DES requirement0.4 arcsecFWHM (= D80 of 0.64 arcsec)

Survey limit

4. CCD QE and Read noise

1

10

100

0 1 10 100

Sample time (ms)

Noi

se (

elec

tron

s)

Read noise for a recently finished DALSA 2k x 4k

250 kHz → 7e-

To get redshifts of ~1 we spend ~50% of survey time in z-band.

LBNL CCDs are much more efficient in the z band than the current devices in Mosaic II

DECam / Mosaic II QE comparison

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Wavelength (nm)

QE, LBNL (%)QE, SITe (%)

5. Memorandum of Understanding

Improvements to Telescope and environment

• New Telescope Control System (Clone of SOAR LabView system?)

• Finish the thermal environmental study, optimize the Environment Control System.

• Study whether other (major) changes in the thermal environment are warranted

• Investigate the drives & servo system, specifically to improve the time to traverse 1-3 degrees.

Instrument Project

• Deliverables, Schedule

Data management Project

• Deliverables Schedule