Cerebrovascular Intro
Transcript of Cerebrovascular Intro
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CEREBROVASCULAR
ACCIDENT
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What is CVA?
Cerebrovascular Accident is a sudden loss
of function resulting from disruption of the
blood supply to a part of the brain. Stroke,
also called brain attack or ischemic stroke,
happens when the arteries leading to the
brain are blocked or ruptured.
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STATISTICS
According to the World Health Organization, 15 millionpeople suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5million die and another 5 million are permanentlydisabled.
According to the latest WHO data published in April 2011Stroke Deaths in Philippines reached 40,245 or 9.55% oftotal deaths. The age adjusted the Death Rate is 82.77per 100,000 of population ranks Philippines #106 in theworld.
According to National Statistical Coordination Boardposted in April 2012 Stroke Deaths in 40,201 or 18.7%.
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Types of Stroke
1. Ischemic Stroke
>Cerebral Thrombus
>Cerebral Embolism2. Hemorrhagic Stroke
>Cerebral Hemorrhage
>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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WHAT CAUSES A STROKE?
The blockage of an artery in the brain by a
clot (thrombosis) is the most common
cause of a stroke. The part of the brain
that is supplied by the clotted blood vesselis then deprived of blood and oxygen.
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Potentially treatable risk factors
High blood pressure
Cigarette smoking or exposure to
secondhand smoke
High cholesterol
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine andmethamphetamines.
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Other risk factors
Personal or family history of stroke, heart
attack or TIA.
55 years old and above
Race African-Americans
Gender Men
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SYMPTOMS OF STROKE
Weakness
Sudden loss of strength or sudden numbness
in the face, arm or leg, even if temporary
Trouble Speaking
Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding orsudden confusion, even if temporary.
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Vision Problems
Sudden trouble with vision, even if temporary.
Headache
Sudden severe and unusual headache.
Dizziness
Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of the
above signs.
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF
STROKE?
ThrombolyticsThrombolytic (fibrinolytic) drugs help
reestablish blood flow to the brain by
dissolving the clots, which are blockingthe flow.
Example
anistreplase (Eminase) streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)
urokinase (Abbokinase)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabikinase&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kabikinase&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptokinasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eminasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplase -
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Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
>There is opportunity to use alteplase (TPA)as a clot-buster drug to dissolve the bloodclot that is causing the stroke.
>TPA is injected into a vein in the arm but,the time frame for its use may be extendedto six hours if it is dripped directly into the
blood vessel that is blocked requiringangiography, which is performed by aninterventional radiologist.
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Heparin and aspirin
Drugs to thin the blood (anticoagulation;
for example, heparin) are also
sometimes used in treating strokepatients in the hopes of improving the
patient's recovery.
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ll.OBJECTIVES
General Objectives:
At the end of this case study, the
student is expected to acquire
adequate knowledge , attitude and
skills in providing holistic care for
patients who has cerebrovascular
disease with the cooperation of thefamily and the significant others and
with the collaboration with other health
care team.
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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
After an hour of teacherlearner
interaction ,the learner will be able to:
-relate the patients history and stage of
growth and development
-define cerebrovascular accident or stroke-state the different types of stroke
-review the anatomy and physiology of
central nervous system
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-explain the pathophysiology
of CVA
-enumerate signs and
symptoms manifested with
patients having CVA-formulate a comprehensive
nursing care plan
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
MOTMOT