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Centre for Urban Energy
Understanding the formation and influence of complementary innovations in large energy technology systems:
The case of urban energy storage in Ontario’s electricity system
Jen Hiscock, Dr. Phil Walsh,30th USAEE /IAEE North American Conference
October 11, 2011
Overview
• Ontario Context• Research question & problem• Institutional change theories• Commercializing in an evolving industry• Complementarity in institutional change• Applying it to Ontario
Change in Ontario’s Electricity Sector
• Green Energy Act (2009)• Feed-In Tariff program (2010)
– Focus on integrating renewable energy (wind, solar, biomass) into the grid
• Designed with the intent to build a green economy in Ontario, meet environmental targets, and ensure reliable service
• Change environment: resource pressures, politics, social pressures, technical requirements, economic capacityHow do you integrate
urban electricity storage?
How do you commercialize urban electricity storage?
Gans and Stern (2003) Commercialization Strategy Environments
Walsh (2011) Environments for Commercializing Innovation
Institutional theory and commercialization strategies
• Adopt the perspective of the niche innovator
Institutional Theory Emergence, conformity,
conflict, change
Rules, norms, routines, beliefs
Legitimacy
Organizational embeddednessEconomic
Theory
Complementary assets
Resource-based viewsCore-competence
Price; cost-benefit
Lock-in, path dependence
Innovation Theory
Technology cycles, design competitionDominant design
Business & process innovation
Absorptive capacity, Diffusion; technology push / pull
Actor-network and Evolutionary Theory
Social orderActors, networks
Sociology of technology
Non-linearityCo-evolution of technology and society
Commercializing in an evolving market
• Market dynamics amidst planned economy dynamics– Commercialization strategies integrated into
broader institutional change processes
• Institutional change models– Large infrastructure– Competition– Public sector intervention
Integrated framework for TIS and MLP
Niches(novelty)
Patchwork of regimes
Landscape
Multiple levels as a nested hierarchy from the multi-level perspective of sectoral transition (Geels, 2002; 2010)
Functional analysis of technology innovation systems (Bergek et al., 2008)
formative phase
mature phase
Complementary Innovations
Reliability from intermittent renewables
Decentralized electricity supply and storage
The technology scope of the Smart Grid system. (Modified from: EPRI, n.d.)
Power quality, asset deferral,load management,ancillary services
Integrated framework for TIS and MLP
Niches(novelty)
Patchwork of regimes
Landscape
Multiple levels as a nested hierarchy from the multi-level perspective of sectoral transition (Geels, 2002; 2010)
Functional analysis of technology innovation systems (Bergek et al., 2008)
formative phase
mature phase
Complementary innovations (Markard & Truffer, 2008a)
Integrated framework in Ontario electricity
Smart grid tech.
Electricity generators (OPG, Bruce Power)
Price of inputs,Legislation, public pressure (OEB,
IESO, Ministry)
Li-ion batteries
Local distribution companies (TH, HO, etc.)
Wind / solar e- generators
Electric vehicles
Energy consumer networks, associations (commercial, industrial, residential)
3rd Party Service Provider
System Regulator
Ontario Electricity Sector Stakeholder Map
GeneratorsGenerators
Transmitters
Distributors
Regulated PriceHourly Market Price
System Operator
Wholesale Market
System Planner
Ministry
LicensingRegulated Prices
[IESO]
[OEB]
[OPA]
[~ ½ consumption][~ ½ consumption]
industry
Directives (Hydro One, OPG)Transitioning to a smart grid
Market Prices
Inte
grat
ed P
ower
Sy
stem
Pla
n
& generators
customersgenerators
customersgenerators
Feed-In Tariff
Contract
Smart grid
Distributed Electricity Storage
Distributed Electricity Storage
Distributed Electricity Storage
DES
Complementary Innovators
Existing Regime
Landscape
Practical and Theoretical areas of insight
• Practical– Commercialization strategies that leverage internal
dynamics of institutional change– Understanding current system performance through
functional analysis• Theoretical– Empirical evidence regarding the formation of and
influence of complementary innovations• On decision making• On pathway development
Thank you
?
www.cue.ryerson.ca
Key ReferencesBergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2005). Analyzing the dynamics and
functionality of sectoral innovation systems–a manual. DRUID Tenth Anniversary Summer Conference, 27-29.
Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407-429.
Boyer, R. (2005). Coherence, diversity, and the evolution of capitalisms—the institutional complementarity hypothesis. Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 2(1), 43-80.
Gans, J. S., & Stern, S. (2003). The product market and the market for“ideas”: Commercialization strategies for technology entrepreneurs. Research Policy, 32(2), 333-350.
Geels, F. W. (2002). Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study. Research Policy, 31(8-9), 1257-1274.
Hekkert, M. P., & Negro, S. O. (2009). Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(4), 584-594.
Markard, J., & Truffer, B. (2008a). Actor-oriented analysis of innovation systems: Exploring micro-meso level linkages in the case of stationary fuel cells. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 20(4), 443-464.
Markard, J., & Truffer, B. (2008b). Technological innovation systems and the multi-level perspective: Towards an integrated framework. Research Policy, 37(4), 596-615.
Verbong, G. P. J., & Geels, F. W. (2010). Exploring sustainability transitions in the electricity sector with socio-technical pathways. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 77(8), 1214-1221.
Walsh, P. R. (2011). Innovation nirvana or innovation wasteland? Identifying commercialization strategies for small and medium renewable energy enterprises. Technovation, doi:doi:10.1016/ j.technovation.2011.09.002