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Transcript of Centrally located in the Mediterranean Vast plains in the North and West Apennine Mtns. not very...
Centrally located in the Mediterranean
Vast plains in the North and West
Apennine Mtns. not very ruggedEasier to unite Italian peninsula
PHYSICAL SETTING
Latins first to move into ItalySettled in small villagesEventually villages came together as Rome
Alphabet learned from EtruscansAlso learned about the use of the arch in
constructionReligion was formed from Latins and
Etruscans
CULTURAL SETTING
1. Structure of Gov’ta. Senate
-300 members-patricians
b. Consuls (2)-supervised gov’t and commanded the army-one year term
c. Tribunes-elected by plebeians-could veto laws
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
1. Family- the basic unit of Roman society -male held absolute power
2. Role of women-could own property-ran businesses-most worked at home (raising family, spinning, weaving)
ROMAN SOCIETY
1. Polythestic2. Similar to Greeks
-Zeus = Jupiter-Neptune is god of the sea-Mars is god of war
3. Festivals throughout the year-brought sense of community
RELIGION
1. Rome conquered all of the Italian peninsula2. Army was loyal and well-trained
-paid by ‘spoils of victory’3. Rome allowed conquered to keep customs
and local gov’t-some even received full citizenship
4. Latin language spread along with Roman customs
GROWTH OF THE REPUBLIC
Carthage vs. Rome (x 3)
1. First Punic War-Carthage had advantages (gold, manpower, navy)-Rome built up quick and struck first-Rome wins; gains Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia
PUNIC WARS (vs. CARTHAGE)
2. Second Punic war-Carthage wants revenge-Hannibal led Carthage army
*military genius*used indirect tactics with smaller
army*long trek to Italy; lost 1/3 of army and
½ of elephants-surprise attack on Rome (lasted 15 years)-Hannibal forced to retreat when Romans attack Carthage
3. Third Punic War-Rome invades Carthage-Rome destroys Carthage-salt is spread on the fields-all of the people are killed or enslaved
1. Emperor in chargeInherited powerRuled for life
2. Pax Romana“Roman Peace”Peace for 200 yearsPeople and ideas moved freely
“NEW ROMAN EMPIRE”
3. Entertainment Chariot races and gladiator games ‘distracted’ the common folk Policy of “bread and circuses”
often imitated Greek writing stylesVirgil
wrote epic poem Aeneidabout Roman like to Trojan Waraimed to create patriotism
Horace, Juvenal, and Martialwrote satiresmade fun of Roman society
Historians:Livy: wrote of Rome’s heroic pastTacitus: critical of Roman society
LITERATURE AND HISTORY
1. Artsculpture stressed ‘realism’used mosaics to decorate homes
2. Architecturethe bigger, the betterutilized arches, columns, and concretefamous structures: Pantheon, Colosseum
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
1. Engineering helped to create:roadsbridgesharborsaqueducts
2. believed the Earth was the center of the universe
3. used the research of the Greeks; did very little of their own
SCIENCE AND MATH
Roman citizens = civil lawconquered people = law of nations
fewer rightseventually two systems merge into one
ROMAN LAW
Basic Principles of Lawinnocent until proven guiltyguilt, beyond a reasonable doubtjudges allowed to interpret lawlower class was punished more harshly