Central Nervous System
description
Transcript of Central Nervous System
1
Central Nervous System
2
Main parts of the CNS:
1, BRAIN___________________________________________________________________
2, SPINAL CORD __________________________________________
________________________________________ __________________________________________
________________________________________
CNS=Central Nervous System
3
1. The Brain
CerebrumCerebellum Brain
Stem
4
Protection for the Brain
5
What happened to Phineas Gage? 1) How did Phineas Gage change after
the accident? __________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain? _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6
A. Cerebrum• Made up of 2 hemispheres, each controlling one half of the
body• The left hemisphere controls the right side of the
body, ___________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
• The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, ___________________________________
__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
7
8
White Matter and Gray Matter• The cerebrum is
composed of:
– ________________________________________________________________
– ________________________________________________________________
9
A. The Cerebrum• Also known as the cerebral cortex, is
divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal– Each lobe has its own particular
responsibilities:• Frontal: _______________________________________________________________• Parietal: ______________________________________________________________• Occipital: __________________________• Temporal: _________________________
10
The Cerebrum
11
Probe the Brain • Beginning in the 1940s, Canadian
brain surgeon Wilder Penfield mapped the brain's motor cortex -- the area that controls the movement of your body's muscles.
• He did this by applying mild electric currents to the exposed brains of patients while they were in surgery.
• Ex. “Smell of burnt toast = area of brain that is overactive = Ceisure.
• Brain Probing ActivityMotor Homunculus• This cartoon character has
features drawn according to how much brain space they take up.
12
13
B. Cerebellum (“small brain”)• Coordinates
– ______________– ______________– ______________
14
B. Cerebellum• ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Communicates with the other parts of the brain
• ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15
C. Brain Stem• Transmits information from the brain to
spinal cord and vice versa. • Coordinates
– _____________– _____________– _____________– ____________________– ____________________– _____________________
16
2.The Spinal Cord
17
2. Spinal Cord• ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________
• Protected by the vertebrae.• Function:
1) ______________________________________________________________________
2) ____________________________________ _______________________________________
18
2. Spinal Cord
19
20
Damage to the C.N.S. Concussion: _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Paralysis: _________________________________Cerebral palsy: ________________________________ __________________________________________ Epilepsy: __________________________________ ____________________________________________ Multiple sclerosis:
______________________________________________________________________________________
21
PBS clip: From Zzzz’s to A’s.http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/view/
1. How many hours of sleep to you need to get in order to be fully alert?
2. What is the name of your Biological Timing System and how does it change during the teenage years?
3. What analogy does the announcer use for a teen that is trying to function with not enough sleep?
4. What are three daily life functions that sleep affects your ability to do?
5. What is REM sleep and what happens during this time?6. What is the best predictor of whether or not you will
succeed at school?7. What were the results of the study of the relationship
between learning and sleep in teens Charlie and Nicole?
22
Review Questions - CNS
1) What are the main parts of the central nervous system?
2) What is the brain?3) What are the 3 major structures of the
brain?4) What are the 4 different layers of
protection of the brain?5) What functions are controlled by the left
cerebral hemisphere?
23
Review Questions - CNS6) What functions are controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere? 7) What did the study of Phineas Gage teach us about the brain?8) What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortex and what are their functions?9) What is the difference between white matter and grey matter?10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he contribute to our understanding of the brain?
24
Review Questions - CNS11) What is the function of the cerebellum?12) What parts of your body does the cerebellum communicate with?13) What is the function of the brainstem?14) What is the function of the spinal cord?15) What protects the spinal cord?16) What is a consequence of damage to the spinal cord?17) What 3 things can you do to improve the power of you brain?
25
Review Questions – CNS1)What are the main parts of the central
nervous system? Brain, spinal cord
2) What is the brain?The brain is the main organ of the CNS. It iscomposed of nearly 100 billion nerve cells
which are folded together in order to fit inside the cranium.
3) What are the 3 major structures of the brain? cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
26
4) What are the 4 different layers of protection of the brain?1- cerebrospinal fluid2 – Meninges3 – the skull4 – skin of the scalp
5) What functions are controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere?The left hemisphere controls logical thinking,mathematical thinking, language,
27
6) What functions are controlled by the right cerebralhemisphere? The right hemisphere controls artistic expression, creativity and spatial understanding.
7) What did the study of Phineas Gage teach us aboutthe brain? The brain is not only responsible for language and movement but it is also responsible for determining one’s emotions and personality
8) What are the different lobes of the cerebral cortexand what are their functions? – Frontal: movement, thinking, problem-solving – Parietal: touch, pain and pressure information – Occipital: visual information – Temporal: auditory information
28
The Cerebrum
29
9) What is the difference between white matter andgrey matter? Grey matter is a collection of neuronal cell bodies, including dendrites. It is the region of the cerebrum where synapses are made. White matter refers to the collection of axons of those neurons. It is where nerve fibers are located.
10) Who is Wilder Penfield and how did he contribute to our understanding of the brain? Wilder Penfield was a Canadian brain surgeon who created of map of the motor cortex (which regions of the brain control which body parts).
Interactive Sites• Neuron Transmission Interactive:http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/crossingdivide/