BIOINFORMATICS: A TOOL FOR CENTRAL DOGMA OF LIFE

DEPARTMENT OF BIOINFORMATICS

SUPERVISED BY:

MA’AM SHUMAILA AZAM

CREATED AND PRESENTED BY:

MUHAMMAD RIZWAN

WAQAR ALI

BIOINFORMATICS

BIOINFORMATICS

Bioinformatics is the integration of mathematical, computer, statistical and

biological sciences to analyze biological data.

Bioinformatics is the use of computers for the acquisition, management, and

analysis of biological information.

It incorporates elements of molecular biology, computational biology,

database computing, and the Internet.

Bioinformatics is clearly a multi-disciplinary field including: computer systems

management networking, database design, computer programming, molecular

biology and statistics.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER FIELDS

• COMPUTER SCIENCE

• BIOLOGY

• MATHEMATICS

Mathematics

and Statistics

Biology

Computer

Science

Bioinformatics

APPLICATIONS OF BIOINFORMATICS

• BIOMETRIC DEVICES

Biometrics (or biometric authentication) refers to the identification of humans by their characteristics or traits. Biometrics is

used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that

are under surveillance.

• FORENSICS

Bioinformatics and forensic DNA are inherently interdisciplinary and draw their techniques from statistics and computer

science bringing them to bear on problems in biology and law. Personal identification and relatedness to other individuals

are the two major subjects of forensic DNA analysis.

• Finger Printing

A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger. In a wider use of the term, fingerprints are

the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human or other primate hand. In bioinformatics, a fingerprinting

algorithm is a procedure that maps human fingerprints that uniquely identify people for practical purposes. This fingerprint may be

used for data deduplication purposes.

• DNA Fingerprinting

Like the fingerprints that came into use by detectives and police labs during the 1930s, each person has a unique DNA fingerprint.

Unlike a conventional fingerprint that occurs only on the fingertips and can be altered by surgery, a DNA fingerprint is the same for

every cell, tissue, and organ of a person. It cannot be altered by any known treatment. Consequently, DNA fingerprinting is rapidly

becoming the primary method for identifying and distinguishing among individual human beings.

APPLICATIONS OF BIOINFORMATICS(CONT.)• PHARMACOGENOMICS

• Drug discovery

Using computational tools to identify and validate new drug targets, more specific medicines that act on the cause not merely the symptoms

of the disease can be developed. These highly specific drugs will have fewer side effects than many of today's medicines.

• Personalized medicine

Clinical medicine will become more personalized with the development of the field of pharmacogenomics. This is the study of how an

individual's genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs.

Today, doctors have to use trial and error to find the best drug to treat a particular patient as those with the same clinical symptoms can

show a wide range of responses to the same treatment. In the future, doctors will be able to analyze a patient's genetic profile and

prescribe the best available drug therapy and dosage from the beginning.

• BIOTECHNOLOGY

The sequencing of the genomes of plants and animals should have enormous benefits for the agricultural community.

Bioinformatics tools can be used to search for the genes within these genomes and to elucidate their functions. This specific

genetic knowledge could then be used to produce stronger, more drought, disease and insect resistant crops and improve the

quality of livestock making them healthier, more disease resistant and more productive.

• BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS

OUR PROJECT

CENTRAL DOGMA OF LIFE

The process in which the DNA is transcribed into the primary mRNA.

The primary mRNA is then translated into the protein, which is known as the

central dogma of life.

TRANSCRIPTION

It is the process in which the DNA is transcribed i.e. converted into the primary mRNA.

SPLICING

It is the process in which the introns are

removed from the primary mRNA.

Introns are the non-coding regions of DNA.

The coding regions i.e. exons are then joined

together by RNA splicing.

After splicing the mature mRNA is formed.

TRANSLATION

The process in which the mature mRNA is translated into the protein.

DNA Strand:

TTC TCA TGT TTG ACA GCT

RF1 Phe Ser Cys Leu Thr Ala>

RF2 Ser His Val *** Gln Leu>

RF3 Leu Met Phe Asp Ser>

DNA Complimentary Strand:

AAG AGT ACA AAC TGT CGA

RF4 <Glu *** Thr Gln Cys Ser

RF5 <Glu His Lys Val Ala

RF6 <Arg Met Asn Ser Leu

OUR TOOL

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND PATIENCE…