Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) · 2017-07-25 · Interactive Metronome & Motor...

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To comply with professional boards/associations standards: • I declare that I (or my family) do have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship. •Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation. •Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity. Session 402: Improve Cognition & Reduce Falls with Interactive Metronome & FitLight Shelley Thomas, MPT Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Have identified falls as an event that should never occur Have identified falls and injury as an Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC), which means limited reimbursement Have identified falls as an event that should never occur Have identified falls and injury as an Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC), which means limited reimbursement

Transcript of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) · 2017-07-25 · Interactive Metronome & Motor...

Page 1: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) · 2017-07-25 · Interactive Metronome & Motor Learning There is an observed correlation between improvements in millisecond timing,

To comply with professional boards/associations standards:• I declare that I (or my family) do have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship.•Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation.•Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity.

Session 402: Improve Cognition & Reduce Falls with Interactive Metronome & FitLight

Shelley Thomas, MPT

Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) 

Have identified falls as an event that should never occur

Have identified falls and injury as an Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC), which means limited reimbursement

Have identified falls as an event that should never occur

Have identified falls and injury as an Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC), which means limited reimbursement

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Video – UMC Fall Risk

https://youtu.be/A7EcprAXtREhttps://youtu.be/A7EcprAXtRE

The Truth About FallsAccording to the Centers of Disease Control for older adults (65+)

1 out of 3 older adults (over age 65) falls each year

Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in this population

In 2013, 2.5 million nonfatal falls among older adults were treated in the ER (734,000 hospitalizations!)

A fall is one of the 20 most expensive medical conditions in older adult populations

1 out of 3 older adults (over age 65) falls each year

Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in this population

In 2013, 2.5 million nonfatal falls among older adults were treated in the ER (734,000 hospitalizations!)

A fall is one of the 20 most expensive medical conditions in older adult populations

www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html

The Truth About FallsAccording to the Centers of Disease Control for older adults (65+)

30 – 35% of patients that fall sustain an injury 

Adds 6.3 days to the hospital stay

In 2012, direct medical costs of falls were $30 billion and is expected to more than double by 2020, estimated at $67.7 billion!

Medicare costs per fall averaged between $13,797 and $20,450 (in 2012 dollars).

Fall Related injury is the #1 loss in Hospitals & SNF’s

30 – 35% of patients that fall sustain an injury 

Adds 6.3 days to the hospital stay

In 2012, direct medical costs of falls were $30 billion and is expected to more than double by 2020, estimated at $67.7 billion!

Medicare costs per fall averaged between $13,797 and $20,450 (in 2012 dollars).

Fall Related injury is the #1 loss in Hospitals & SNF’s

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Risk Factors

Men are 41% more likely to die from a fall 

Older white population is higher risk than black and Hispanic populations

Following a fall, Age 75 and older more likely to be admitted to a Long Term Care facility for one year or longer

Over 95% of hip fractures caused by falls – hip fractures in women is 2 x the rate of men.

Older women are more than twice as likely to suffer a fracture after a fall than men

Men are 41% more likely to die from a fall 

Older white population is higher risk than black and Hispanic populations

Following a fall, Age 75 and older more likely to be admitted to a Long Term Care facility for one year or longer

Over 95% of hip fractures caused by falls – hip fractures in women is 2 x the rate of men.

Older women are more than twice as likely to suffer a fracture after a fall than men

Fear of Falling

Self Limit Activities

Reduced Mobility & Fitness

Increase Risk of Falling

Fall

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PATIENT FALL RISK

PATIENT-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL

Impaired balance & gait* Furniture on wheels Leaning forward* Staffing

Impaired attention* Cluttered pathways Reaching up* Policies

Impaired executive response inhibition (impulsivity)*

Poor lighting Transferring on/off bed, chair or toilet*

Available equipment (bed/chair alarms, etc)

Impaired memory* Slippery floors Available furniture (low beds, etc)

Weakness Height of furniture

Hypotension How well nurses can see patients from nurse’s station

Depression Medical devices (IV poles, catheters, etc)

Urinary Incontinence

Sedative & CNS effect of medications

Impaired vision

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FALL RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES CURRENTLY EMPLOYED IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS

PATIENT-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL

Ambulatory aids & assistance Evaluate/adjust staffing patterns Modify physical environment (grab bars, inspect furniture, lighting, flooring that reduces impact of fall)

Physical therapy referral Evaluate/adjust shift reports Policies (noise reduction, interdisciplinary involvement, timely report & review of falls that occur

Adequate footwear Evaluate ability to follow through with staff responsibilities

Purchase equipment (transfers, mobility, surveillance, lower beds, hearing devices for patients)

Maintain mobility Educate staff and work on attitude toward fall risk reduction

Family-friendly patient rooms (cots/recliners, 24 hr visiting, coffee and snacks for visitors)

Keep eyeglasses/hearing aids within reach Maintain patient environment (clutter, clear walkways, spills, keep items well within reach of patient)

Information technology (identify risk factors from online patient records to target specific patients for fall risk reduction; healthcare provider communication)

Use reclining chair, bolster cushions, non-skid gel cushions when seated

Bed/chair/commode alarms – check they are operational each shift

Do not leave unattended in bathroom/bedside commodeAssess for orthostatic/ postprandial hypotension and provide instruction, support stockings and other strategies before risingAssess behavioral/mental status and effect of meds, pain, sensory impairment

Assess ability to remember to call for assistance

Increased frequency of monitoring/surveillanceRestraint (last resort)

Examples of targeted solutions provided by “The Falls with Injury Project”

Currently only environmental factors and awareness are addressed to reduce falls

Schedule Trips to the bathroom

Reminding patients to always ask for help walking

Engaging patient and their families in the fall safety program and the time of admission

Adopting a culture of fall safety

Bringing caregivers to the bedside more often (ie. hourly rounding)

Currently only environmental factors and awareness are addressed to reduce falls

Schedule Trips to the bathroom

Reminding patients to always ask for help walking

Engaging patient and their families in the fall safety program and the time of admission

Adopting a culture of fall safety

Bringing caregivers to the bedside more often (ie. hourly rounding)

* The “Preventing Falls with Injury Project”

Interventions

Interventions need to address physical fitness, motor planning and sequencing, and automaticity of movement to exercise and strengthen the underlying mechanisms of:

Balance Weight Shifting Attention & Divided Attention Visual & Auditory Distraction Cognition Coordination  Strength

*Cognitive abilities must be addressed to get to the root of the issue and make permanent gains.

Interventions need to address physical fitness, motor planning and sequencing, and automaticity of movement to exercise and strengthen the underlying mechanisms of:

Balance Weight Shifting Attention & Divided Attention Visual & Auditory Distraction Cognition Coordination  Strength

*Cognitive abilities must be addressed to get to the root of the issue and make permanent gains.

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Interactive Metronome

Evidence‐based assessment & training tool

Improves timing, rhythm & synchronization in the brain

Objectively measures timing & rhythm

Flexible to meet individual needs

Portable within clinic

Engaging & rewarding

Evidence‐based assessment & training tool

Improves timing, rhythm & synchronization in the brain

Objectively measures timing & rhythm

Flexible to meet individual needs

Portable within clinic

Engaging & rewarding

Slide 13

IM Has Three Goals 

1. Improve neural timing & decrease neural timing variability (jitter) that impacts speech, language, cognitive, motor, & academic performance

2. Build more efficient & synchronized connections between neural networks 

3. Increase the brain’s efficiency, performance & ability to benefit more from other rehabilitation & academic interventions

1. Improve neural timing & decrease neural timing variability (jitter) that impacts speech, language, cognitive, motor, & academic performance

2. Build more efficient & synchronized connections between neural networks 

3. Increase the brain’s efficiency, performance & ability to benefit more from other rehabilitation & academic interventions

Slide 14

Neural Synchronization

Slide 15

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Why IM?

Upon evaluation, the Joint Commission, acknowledges the IM Fall Reduction Program as a best practice and a program of “High Interest”.

Upon evaluation, the Joint Commission, acknowledges the IM Fall Reduction Program as a best practice and a program of “High Interest”.

IM DEMO

Slide 17

Slide 18

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What just happened?

Five neurological functions exercised at once:1. Controlled Attention & Concentration

2. Working Memory

3. Sensory Integration

4. Motor Planning/Sequencing  for Coordination & Functional Motor Control

5. Synchronization of timing in multiple brain regions for increased neural efficiency & performance

Neuroplasticity…“What is fired together, is wired together”

Five neurological functions exercised at once:1. Controlled Attention & Concentration

2. Working Memory

3. Sensory Integration

4. Motor Planning/Sequencing  for Coordination & Functional Motor Control

5. Synchronization of timing in multiple brain regions for increased neural efficiency & performance

Neuroplasticity…“What is fired together, is wired together”

Slide 19

IM Training Synchronizes Neural Networks

Timing Network

Dorso Lateral

Pre-Frontal Cortex

TimingMotor Planning

Speech

Basal Ganglia

Timing

Voluntary MotorCoordination

Cingulate Gyrus

Timing

Executive FunctioningModulate Emotions

Cerebellum

Timing

Sense of Body PositionProduction of Speech

The picture can't be displayed.

Slide 20

IM Neuro‐Imaging StudyPresented at 65th Annual American PM&R Conference

MEDIAL BRAINSTEM

Neuro-Motor Pipeline

BASAL GANGLIA

Integrates Thought and Movement

CINGULATE GYRUS

Allows Shifting of AttentionCognitive Flexibility

Alpiner (2004). Results from this pilot fMRI study show IM directly promotes neural efficiency, with bilateral activitation of multiple parts of the neuro-network. Repetitive auditory-motor training, specifically IM, holds promise for

neuroplasticity of higher and lower brain centers.

Slide 21

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Marked improvements in patients 60+The Effectiveness of the IM with Healthy Aging Adults Dr. Leonard Trujillo, OTR/L, Eastern Carolina University

Initial findings presented at the 2015 AOTA Conference & 2015 ISNR

N= 9, Health Aging adults (60 – 80 yrs)

Training 

Pre‐Assessment 12 sessions over 2 months

Re‐Assessment Break for 6 Weeks

Re‐Assessment 6 sessions over 1 month

Re‐Assessment Overall Post Assessment

30 – 45 minutes per session, never exceeding 275 reps per task

All participants only performed upper extremity exercises and were seated during training for safety precautions

N= 9, Health Aging adults (60 – 80 yrs)

Training 

Pre‐Assessment 12 sessions over 2 months

Re‐Assessment Break for 6 Weeks

Re‐Assessment 6 sessions over 1 month

Re‐Assessment Overall Post Assessment

30 – 45 minutes per session, never exceeding 275 reps per task

All participants only performed upper extremity exercises and were seated during training for safety precautions

ResultsAssessment Overall

Improvement

Modified IM Long Form (seated, all upper extremity exercises) 77%

Short Form 31%

Math Fluency (WJII) 23%

Reading Fluency (WJII) 12%

Decision Speed (WJII) 5%

Visual Matching (WJII) 4%

The d2 Test of Attention Implicates improvements in the ability to stay focused and attend to more difficult tasks and task

over time.

16%

Four Step Square Test Implicates improvements in balance, sped, and confidence in independent ambulation and other

daily tasks. This includes ability to dress and bath with confidence.

88% *

The 9 Hole Peg Test Implicates improvements in fine motor, dexterity, sense of accuracy and confidence in

independence in other daily tasks. This includes ability to dress, eat and perform fine motor tasks with confidence.

3%

Marked improvements in patients 60+Effects of IM on Memory Process and Balance with Aging Adults 60+ Population

Dr. Leonard Trujillo, OTR/L, Eastern Carolina UniversityInitial findings presented at the 2015 AOTA Conference & 2015 ISNR Conference 

05

10152025303540

IM S

Fd2

NH

PT4

step

WJ-D

S

WJ-V

M

WJ-M

F

WH

-RF

JulySeptNovOveral

Most notable gain: Four Step Square Test, 88% 

Implicates improvement in

Balance

Speed

Confidence with Independent Ambulation

This has significant meaning adults who are at risk of falling and is a substantial outcome considering all participants only performed upper extremity tasks during training and were seated

Most notable gain: Four Step Square Test, 88% 

Implicates improvement in

Balance

Speed

Confidence with Independent Ambulation

This has significant meaning adults who are at risk of falling and is a substantial outcome considering all participants only performed upper extremity tasks during training and were seated

These participants did not perform lower extremity IM exercises nor did they work on standing balance or ambulation, yet a HUGE 

effect size was seen!

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(Sept 23, 2013)

IMPORTANT RESEARCH

Measures and

Results

Effect size

Positive IM effects on neuropsychological and EEG-ERPs in subjects with traumatic

blast injuries

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In a Nutshell…

Slide 28

EEG shows increased, efficient neural communication in the brain following IM training including the Arcuate 

Fasiculus, Frontal Parietal Lobes and Temporal Areas of the Brain

Resulting In:• ↑ Auditory A en on

• ↑ Processing Speed

• ↑ Motor Reac on

• ↑ Execu ve Planning

• ↑ Visual Speed

• ↑ Working Memory

EEG shows increased, efficient neural communication in the brain following IM training including the Arcuate 

Fasiculus, Frontal Parietal Lobes and Temporal Areas of the Brain

Resulting In:• ↑ Auditory A en on

• ↑ Processing Speed

• ↑ Motor Reac on

• ↑ Execu ve Planning

• ↑ Visual Speed

• ↑ Working Memory

Slide 29

Active Ingredients for Effective Neuro‐Motor Rehabilitation

Task practice is the single most important variable for motor learning.

“What” is practiced is more important than mere repetition.

Motivation and meaning are critical to skill learning. 

Problem solving and implicit processes are required for skill acquisition.Winstein, 2005 III Step Proceedings Motor Learning: From Behavior to Social Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives

Task practice is the single most important variable for motor learning.

“What” is practiced is more important than mere repetition.

Motivation and meaning are critical to skill learning. 

Problem solving and implicit processes are required for skill acquisition.Winstein, 2005 III Step Proceedings Motor Learning: From Behavior to Social Cognitive Neuroscience Perspectives

Slide 30

Interactive Metronome & Motor Learning 

MOTOR CONTROL refers to the neural, physical, and behavioral mechanisms 

underlying skilled behavior

arises from complex interaction among cognitive, perceptual, and motor systems within a person, the task, and the environment 

Defined as “the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement” (Gilmore, 2001)

MOTOR LEARNING permanent change in behavior as a result of practice and/or 

experience (Gilmore, 2001)

MOTOR CONTROL refers to the neural, physical, and behavioral mechanisms 

underlying skilled behavior

arises from complex interaction among cognitive, perceptual, and motor systems within a person, the task, and the environment 

Defined as “the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement” (Gilmore, 2001)

MOTOR LEARNING permanent change in behavior as a result of practice and/or 

experience (Gilmore, 2001)

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Slide 31

Interactive Metronome & Motor Learning

There is an observed correlation between improvements in millisecond timing, rhythm & 

variability on Interactive Metronome exercises and improvements in functional movement.

Four factors contribute to motor learning:1. stages of learning2. task type 3. practice4. feedback    (Gilmore, 2001) 

There is an observed correlation between improvements in millisecond timing, rhythm & 

variability on Interactive Metronome exercises and improvements in functional movement.

Four factors contribute to motor learning:1. stages of learning2. task type 3. practice4. feedback    (Gilmore, 2001) 

StagesThe speed at which skill performance improves tends to be great 

at the beginning of practice because there is room for improvement. However, later in practice there is not much left 

to improve on in a task and positive change slows down. 

The speed at which skill performance improves tends to be great at the beginning of practice because there is room for 

improvement. However, later in practice there is not much left to improve on in a task and positive change slows down. 

Slide 32

Task Type

“Successful performance of a task requires 

clients to adapt to changing 

environments”

(Gilmore, 2001). 

“Successful performance of a task requires 

clients to adapt to changing 

environments”

(Gilmore, 2001). 

Slide 33

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Slide 34

Practice:  Effect on Motor Learning

Motor Learning… Cannot be achieved without repetitive practice Heavy emphasis on cognitive processes Large amount of information held in working memory  As learning occurs, the motor skill becomes more 

automated and the cognitive demand is decreased 

Interactive Metronome improves functional movement patterns because the patient  performs a high volume of repetitions and receives real‐time feedback during and 

after his performance about millisecond timing & variability.

Motor Learning… Cannot be achieved without repetitive practice Heavy emphasis on cognitive processes Large amount of information held in working memory  As learning occurs, the motor skill becomes more 

automated and the cognitive demand is decreased 

Interactive Metronome improves functional movement patterns because the patient  performs a high volume of repetitions and receives real‐time feedback during and 

after his performance about millisecond timing & variability.

Slide 35

Feedback:Effect on Motor Learning

Feedback increases the rate of improvement

Feedback enhances performance on tasks that are over‐learned

Participants report exercises seem less fatiguing and more interesting when feedback is provided (Gilmore, 2001) 

Feedback increases the rate of improvement

Feedback enhances performance on tasks that are over‐learned

Participants report exercises seem less fatiguing and more interesting when feedback is provided (Gilmore, 2001) 

There is NO other form of training for neural timing and synchronization that provides the necessary feedback so that synchronization can take place!

There is NO other form of training for neural timing and synchronization that provides the necessary feedback so that synchronization can take place!

36

Feedback

More fine-tuned Synchronization increase in efficiency and speed of communication along white matter tracts improvement in

cognitive, sensory & motor skills

Synchronized timing of key neural networks is vital for: Speech perception and

production Language Fine and gross motor

coordination Visual saccades Cognitive processing Attention Working Memory Executive Functions

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Feedback

Interactive Metronome provides two types of feedback: 

Knowledge of Results – KR Knowledge of Performance ‐ KP

“For learning to take place, the [patient] must be actively involved in the process and practice the pertinent skills. The person must learn to sense the behavior or movement and gain KP [knowledge of performance]”

(Gilmore, 2001). 

Interactive Metronome provides two types of feedback: 

Knowledge of Results – KR Knowledge of Performance ‐ KP

“For learning to take place, the [patient] must be actively involved in the process and practice the pertinent skills. The person must learn to sense the behavior or movement and gain KP [knowledge of performance]”

(Gilmore, 2001). 

Slide 37

Feedback‐ KR – Knowledge of Results

Slide 38

Real‐time millisecond feedback

Auditory‐motor synchronization engages neural networks for motor coordination, attention, working memory & executive functions

Leads to better internal timing & synchronization in the brain

Specific scores are provided at the end of each exercise & can be compared to previous scores

Compare scores to objective and clinical assessments to monitor for changes in function

Real‐time millisecond feedback

Auditory‐motor synchronization engages neural networks for motor coordination, attention, working memory & executive functions

Leads to better internal timing & synchronization in the brain

Specific scores are provided at the end of each exercise & can be compared to previous scores

Compare scores to objective and clinical assessments to monitor for changes in function

Slide 39

Feedback ‐ KP ‐Knowledge of Performance

Feedback given about the quality of movement patterns used to perform the activity. 

i.e., guide sounds are heard while patient performs IM, providing KP feedback about the accuracy of each trigger hit

The challenge with providing KP feedback is speed!  Typically, by the time a therapist has said something, the motor plan has passed. 

IM provides KP feedback immediately following each hit, working directly on millisecond and interval timing skills.

Feedback given about the quality of movement patterns used to perform the activity. 

i.e., guide sounds are heard while patient performs IM, providing KP feedback about the accuracy of each trigger hit

The challenge with providing KP feedback is speed!  Typically, by the time a therapist has said something, the motor plan has passed. 

IM provides KP feedback immediately following each hit, working directly on millisecond and interval timing skills.

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Slide 40

Interactive Metronome and Movement

Movement patterns emerge as a result of the interaction between the patient’s abilities, environment, and the goal. 

“The role of the therapist therefore is not to treat the client in a passive sense but to design learning situations to facilitate the problem solving and exploration of alternative strategies, as well as providing opportunities for repetition.” (Mastos, 2007)

Interactive Metronome provides clinicians with a tool to design learning situations. 

Movement patterns emerge as a result of the interaction between the patient’s abilities, environment, and the goal. 

“The role of the therapist therefore is not to treat the client in a passive sense but to design learning situations to facilitate the problem solving and exploration of alternative strategies, as well as providing opportunities for repetition.” (Mastos, 2007)

Interactive Metronome provides clinicians with a tool to design learning situations. 

Interactive Metronome and Movement

The IM engages the patient as he  The IM engages the patient as he attempts to make timely and accurate trigger hits (in sync with the auditory beat).

The more normalized the movement pattern becomes, often the more accurate the trigger hits become.

The patient receives immediatereal‐time feedback about accuracy, and subsequently demonstrates more normalized movements. 

Slide 41

Interactive Metronome and Movement

IM settings can be adjusted by the clinician to expose the patient to more positive & rewarding feedback to shape behavior. 

As the patient understands the objective of IM and demonstrates the ability to modify motor patterns, the clinician can then tighten parameters to further modify & normalize motor patterns. 

Slide 42

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“Rhythm serves as an anticipatory and continuous time reference on which movements are mapped within a stable temporal template. The fast‐acting physiological entrainment mechanisms between auditory rhythm and motor response serve as coupling mechanisms to stabilize and regulate gait patterns.”

Thaut MH, Leins AK, Rice RR, Argstatter H, Kenyon GP, McIntosh GC, Bolay HV & Fetter M. (2007). Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Improves Gait More Than NDT/Bobath Training in Near‐Ambulatory Patients Early Poststroke: A Single‐Blind, Randomized Trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 21, 455.

“Rhythm serves as an anticipatory and continuous time reference on which movements are mapped within a stable temporal template. The fast‐acting physiological entrainment mechanisms between auditory rhythm and motor response serve as coupling mechanisms to stabilize and regulate gait patterns.”

Thaut MH, Leins AK, Rice RR, Argstatter H, Kenyon GP, McIntosh GC, Bolay HV & Fetter M. (2007). Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Improves Gait More Than NDT/Bobath Training in Near‐Ambulatory Patients Early Poststroke: A Single‐Blind, Randomized Trial. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 21, 455.

“Because motor performance is mediated by an internal timing mechanism (Buhusi & Meck, 2005; 

Lewis & Miall, 2006; Mauk & Buonomano, 2004), researchers have reduced impairments using rhythmic auditory signals (Getchell, 2007).”

Beckelhimer, S. C., Dalton, A. E., Richter, C. A., Hermann, V., & Page, S. J. (2011).Brief Report Computer‐based rhythm and timing training in severe, stroke‐induced arm hemiparesis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65, 96‐100.

“Because motor performance is mediated by an internal timing mechanism (Buhusi & Meck, 2005; 

Lewis & Miall, 2006; Mauk & Buonomano, 2004), researchers have reduced impairments using rhythmic auditory signals (Getchell, 2007).”

Beckelhimer, S. C., Dalton, A. E., Richter, C. A., Hermann, V., & Page, S. J. (2011).Brief Report Computer‐based rhythm and timing training in severe, stroke‐induced arm hemiparesis. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65, 96‐100.

IM Fall Risk Reduction Protocol

Design Ambulatory & Non‐Ambulatory

Inpatient & Outpatient Clinical Setting

Protocol  Easy, Medium & Hard Training Plans

18 minutes of activity per session

Train 3 times per week

Duration: 5 – 8 weeks

Design Ambulatory & Non‐Ambulatory

Inpatient & Outpatient Clinical Setting

Protocol  Easy, Medium & Hard Training Plans

18 minutes of activity per session

Train 3 times per week

Duration: 5 – 8 weeks

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A Team Approach

Born out of interdisciplinary committee recognizing that each discipline can help identify the root cause of conditions that contribute to fall risk.

Risk Managers, Patient Safety Coordinators, PT, OT, ST, RN members on committee

Utilizes traditional exercises that have been shown to impact balance systems.

Incorporate exercises with IM to get the benefit of working balance systems and timing structures simultaneously

Born out of interdisciplinary committee recognizing that each discipline can help identify the root cause of conditions that contribute to fall risk.

Risk Managers, Patient Safety Coordinators, PT, OT, ST, RN members on committee

Utilizes traditional exercises that have been shown to impact balance systems.

Incorporate exercises with IM to get the benefit of working balance systems and timing structures simultaneously

Why IM?

“We use IM for the majority of our "fall risk" patients.Almost immediately upon beginning the program, wewere able to recognize the importance of thisapproach to decrease falls. We have been able tocontinually challenge our patients and introduce themto many situations, which simulate the distractionsthat they encounter within their day. As such, theyleave feeling very confident in their abilities tomanipulate their surroundings.”

Allison E.Physical TherapistNational Rehabilitation Facility

“We use IM for the majority of our "fall risk" patients.Almost immediately upon beginning the program, wewere able to recognize the importance of thisapproach to decrease falls. We have been able tocontinually challenge our patients and introduce themto many situations, which simulate the distractionsthat they encounter within their day. As such, theyleave feeling very confident in their abilities tomanipulate their surroundings.”

Allison E.Physical TherapistNational Rehabilitation Facility

Assessment Measures

Fall Risk Assessment

Morse Scale 

Gait & Stability Assessments

Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)

Modified Functional Reach

Fear of Falling Assessments

Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale® (FES)

Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence Scale® (ABC)

Fall Risk Assessment

Morse Scale 

Gait & Stability Assessments

Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)

Modified Functional Reach

Fear of Falling Assessments

Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale® (FES)

Activities‐Specific Balance Confidence Scale® (ABC)

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Assessment Measures

Attention Tests

Brief Test of Attention

Digit Vigilance Test

Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) or Trails A & B

Impulse Control & Executive Functioning

Stroop Color & Word Test 

Timing and Rhythm

Interactive Metronome (IM) Modified LFA (Ambulatory or SFT 1 & 2 (Non Ambulatory)

Attention Tests

Brief Test of Attention

Digit Vigilance Test

Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) or Trails A & B

Impulse Control & Executive Functioning

Stroop Color & Word Test 

Timing and Rhythm

Interactive Metronome (IM) Modified LFA (Ambulatory or SFT 1 & 2 (Non Ambulatory)

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Templates

Advantages

Can modify/individualize templates

Portable – bedside, gym, outpatient

All disciplines can use (OT, ST, PT)

E‐clinic:  Confidential storage in the ‘cloud’

Online and Live Training, CEU’s offered

Support 24/7

Can modify/individualize templates

Portable – bedside, gym, outpatient

All disciplines can use (OT, ST, PT)

E‐clinic:  Confidential storage in the ‘cloud’

Online and Live Training, CEU’s offered

Support 24/7

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REFERENCES

Tromp AM, Pluijm SMF, Smit JH, et al. Fall‐risk screening test: a prospective study on predictors for falls in community‐dwelling elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54(8):837–844.

Stevens JA, Ballesteros MF, Mack KA, Rudd RA, DeCaro E, Adler G. Gender differences in seeking care for falls in the aged Medicare Population. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012;43:59–62.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web–based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. Accessed August 15, 2013.

Stevens JA, Corso PS, Finkelstein EA, Miller TR. The costs of fatal and nonfatal falls among older adults. Injury Prevention 2006a;12:290–5.

Sterling DA, O'Connor JA, Bonadies J. Geriatric falls: injury severity is high and disproportionate to mechanism. Journal of Trauma–Injury,  Infection and Critical Care 2001;50(1):116–9.

Alexander BH, Rivara FP, Wolf ME. The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall–related injuries in older adults. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82(7):1020–3.

Stevens JA. Fatalities and injuries from falls among older adults – United States, 1993–2003 and 2001–2005. MMWR 2006b;55.45:1222–24.

Jager TE, Weiss HB, Coben JH, Pepe PE. Traumatic brain injuries evaluated in U.S. emergency departments, 1992–1994. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000;7(2):134–40.

Scheffer AC, Schuurmans MJ, Van Dijk N, Van Der Hoof T. Fear of falling: measurement strategy, prevalence, risk factors and consequences among older persons. Age and Ageing 2008;37:19–24.

Bell AJ, Talbot‐Stern JK, Hennessy A. Characteristics and outcomes of older patients presenting to the emergency department after a fall: a retrospective analysis. Medical Journal of Australia 2000;173(4):176–7.

Vellas BJ, Wayne SJ, Romero LJ, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ. Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers. Age and Ageing 1997;26:189–193.

Stevens JA, Dellinger AM. Motor vehicle and fall related deaths among older Americans 1990–98: sex, race, and ethnic disparities. Injury Prevention 2002;8:272–5.

Scott JC. Osteoporosis and hip fractures. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 1990;16(3):717–40.

Donald IP, Bulpitt CJ. The prognosis of falls in elderly people living at home. Age and Ageing 1999;28:121–5.

Hayes WC, Myers ER, Morris JN, et al. Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly nursing home residents who fall. Calcified Tissue International 1993; 52:192–198.

Stevens JA, Sogolow ED. Gender differences for non‐fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults. Injury Prevention 2005b;11:115–9.

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/hdi.htm. Assessed September 14, 2011.

Gillespie, LD, Robertson, MC, Gillespie, WH, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, Lamb SE. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007146. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub3.

Moyer VA. Prevention of Falls in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012;157(3):197–204.

Tromp AM, Pluijm SMF, Smit JH, et al. Fall‐risk screening test: a prospective study on predictors for falls in community‐dwelling elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54(8):837–844.

Stevens JA, Ballesteros MF, Mack KA, Rudd RA, DeCaro E, Adler G. Gender differences in seeking care for falls in the aged Medicare Population. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012;43:59–62.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web–based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. Accessed August 15, 2013.

Stevens JA, Corso PS, Finkelstein EA, Miller TR. The costs of fatal and nonfatal falls among older adults. Injury Prevention 2006a;12:290–5.

Sterling DA, O'Connor JA, Bonadies J. Geriatric falls: injury severity is high and disproportionate to mechanism. Journal of Trauma–Injury,  Infection and Critical Care 2001;50(1):116–9.

Alexander BH, Rivara FP, Wolf ME. The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall–related injuries in older adults. American Journal of Public Health 1992;82(7):1020–3.

Stevens JA. Fatalities and injuries from falls among older adults – United States, 1993–2003 and 2001–2005. MMWR 2006b;55.45:1222–24.

Jager TE, Weiss HB, Coben JH, Pepe PE. Traumatic brain injuries evaluated in U.S. emergency departments, 1992–1994. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000;7(2):134–40.

Scheffer AC, Schuurmans MJ, Van Dijk N, Van Der Hoof T. Fear of falling: measurement strategy, prevalence, risk factors and consequences among older persons. Age and Ageing 2008;37:19–24.

Bell AJ, Talbot‐Stern JK, Hennessy A. Characteristics and outcomes of older patients presenting to the emergency department after a fall: a retrospective analysis. Medical Journal of Australia 2000;173(4):176–7.

Vellas BJ, Wayne SJ, Romero LJ, Baumgartner RN, Garry PJ. Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers. Age and Ageing 1997;26:189–193.

Stevens JA, Dellinger AM. Motor vehicle and fall related deaths among older Americans 1990–98: sex, race, and ethnic disparities. Injury Prevention 2002;8:272–5.

Scott JC. Osteoporosis and hip fractures. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 1990;16(3):717–40.

Donald IP, Bulpitt CJ. The prognosis of falls in elderly people living at home. Age and Ageing 1999;28:121–5.

Hayes WC, Myers ER, Morris JN, et al. Impact near the hip dominates fracture risk in elderly nursing home residents who fall. Calcified Tissue International 1993; 52:192–198.

Stevens JA, Sogolow ED. Gender differences for non‐fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults. Injury Prevention 2005b;11:115–9.

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), National Center for Health Statistics. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/hdi.htm. Assessed September 14, 2011.

Gillespie, LD, Robertson, MC, Gillespie, WH, Sherrington C, Gates S, Clemson LM, Lamb SE. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD007146. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub3.

Moyer VA. Prevention of Falls in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012;157(3):197–204.

Interactive Metronome, Inc13798 NW 4th St., Suite 300

Sunrise, FL 33325Toll free: 877-994-6776

Clinical Support877-994-6776 x 253

[email protected]

Interactive Metronome, Inc13798 NW 4th St., Suite 300

Sunrise, FL 33325Toll free: 877-994-6776

Clinical Support877-994-6776 x 253

[email protected]

Slide 56