Census Basics
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Transcript of Census Basics
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Census Basics
UP206A: Introduction to GIS
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History
» When was the first census?˃ 1790
» How many people were counted?˃ 3.9 million
» How many states did we have then?˃ 13 original states, plus the districts of Kentucky, Maine, Vermont, and
the Southwest Territory
» What questions were asked?˃ name of head of family˃ number of persons in each household of the following descriptions:
+ Free White males 16 years and upward, + free White males under 16 years, + free White females, + all other free persons (by sex and color) and slaves
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Census 2000
» When was it taken?˃ April 1, 2000
» How many people were counted?˃ 281,421,906 (13.2 percent increase over the 248,709,873 in 1990)
» Questionnaire included seven questions for each household:˃ name˃ sex˃ age˃ relationship˃ Hispanic origin˃ race˃ owner/renter
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Census 2010
» When was it taken?˃ April 1, 2010
» How many people were counted?˃ 308,745,538 (9.7 percent increase over the 281,421,906 in
2000)
» Questionnaire included ten questions for each household:˃ http://
2010.census.gov/2010census/about/interactive-form.php
» Release schedule
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Census 2010
» Apportionment of representatives among the states˃ census determines how the 435 seats in the U.S. House of
Representatives are divided among the 50 states
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Why is the census important?
» Census data directly affect how more than $300 billion per year in federal funding is allocated to local, state and tribal governments – $3 trillion over a decade.
» draw legislative districts
» evaluate success of programs or identify populations in need of services
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Before 2010…
Short and long…
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Short: how many?
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Long = how we live
» When was the long form introduced?˃ 1940 census
» How many people got the long form?˃ 17 percent of the households (1 out of every 6 households)
» What questions were asked?˃ ancestry˃ income˃ mortgage˃ size of the housing unit˃ disability˃ etc
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What? No more long form?
» Meet the American Community Survey » The form» Replaces the long form
˃ ie, [old long form] = [new American community survey]
» From once in 10 years, to every year! (started in 2005)
» 1, 3, and 5 year estimates˃ Which to choose?˃ http://www.census.gov/acs/www/guidance_for_data_users/estimates/
» You are in luck… the data is JUST becoming available, just in time for your final projects
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Summary File 1
» counts and basic cross-tabulations of information collected from all people and housing units. ˃ race, age, household size, owner/renter
» Lowest level geography: ˃ Blocks
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Summary File 3
» contains tables with social, economic and housing characteristics compiled from a sample of approximately 19 million housing units (about 1-in-6 households) that received the Census 2000 long-form questionnaire. Many tables are given for nine major race and Hispanic or Latino groups.
» Lowest level geography:˃ Block Groups/Census Tracts
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Census Geography
UP206A: Introduction to GIS
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Counties
» Counties in 48 States» Independent Cities in 4 States» Parishes in Louisiana» Cities and Boroughs in Alaska» 58 counties in California» 3,141 counties in the US
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Places
Incorporated Places (i.e. municipalities)Census Designated Places (i.e. unincorporated
areas)1,081 places in California25,150 places in the US
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Census Tracts
Cover the nation (65,000 Census tracts across U.S.)
Relatively homogenous population characteristics
Size: optimally 4,000 people, range between 1,000 and 8,000
2,054 census tracts in Los Angeles County65,344 census tracts in the US
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Block Groups
Groups of blocks (share the same first digit)Smallest areas for which sample data availableSize: optimally 1,500 people, but range
between 300 to 3,0006,351 block groups in Los Angeles County208,689 block groups in the US
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Blocks
Smallest units of data tabulationCover the entire nationDo not cross census tracts or countiesGenerally bounded by visible features and legal
boundariesSize: average about 100 people89,614 blocks in Los Angeles County8.2 million blocks in the US
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ZCTA’s
» ZCTAs: ZIP Code Tabulation Areas» Approximate area representations of USPS ZIP
Code service areas» Based on Census 2000 blocks» To address difficulties in mapping USPS ZIP
Codes» May represent either a five or three-digit USPS
ZIP Code» http://www.census.gov/geo/ZCTA/zcta.html
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FIPS
» FIPS – Federal Information Processing Standards
06 037 701400 4STATE COUNTY CENSUS TRACT BLOCK
GROUP
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Tiger Files
» Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing
» developed at the U.S. Census Bureau to support its mapping needs for the Decennial Census and other Bureau programs
» coverage of the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Midway Islands
» http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/
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Data and Census Geography
» The larger the census geographic unit, the greater the amount of data available (i.e. Single years of data by County)
» The smaller the census geographic unit, the less data available (i.e., Age in five-year categories for Census Tracts)