cellular respiration studentnotes

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1 Cellular Respiration Why is Oxygen Important? 1. Cells need oxygen 2. Oxygen helps your body release energy inside sugar and carbon based molecules Sugars Carbohydrates Glucose Carbonbased molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acids Reminder Food does not provide energy Food molecules must be broken down to make ATP The energy is stored in the bonds What is Cellular Respiration? Cells or living things that release the energy in glucose (sugar) and change it into ATP (energy) Occurs in the mitochondria (Powerhouse) The mitochondrion makes ATP after the food is broken down into smaller molecules called glucose 3 Steps of Aerobic Respiration (Cellular Respiration) 1. Glycolysis = Cytoplasm (Gly “sugar”; lysi “to break”) 2. Krebs Cycle = Matrix of Mitochondria Outer Membrane Matrix “Empty Space” Inner Membrane Cristae – Folds in the inner membrane that increase surface area

Transcript of cellular respiration studentnotes

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Cellular Respiration

Why  is  Oxygen  Important?  

1. Cells  need  oxygen  2. Oxygen  helps  your  body  release  energy  inside  sugar  and  carbon-­‐based  molecules  

Sugars  • Carbohydrates  • Glucose  

 Carbon-­based  molecules    1. Carbohydrates  2. Proteins  3. Lipids  4. Nucleic  acids  

 Reminder  

• Food  does  not  provide  energy  • Food  molecules  must  be  broken  down  to  make  ATP  • The  energy  is  stored  in  the  bonds  

 What  is  Cellular  Respiration?  

• Cells  or  living  things  that  release the energy  in  glucose (sugar)  and  change  it  into  ATP  (energy)  

• Occurs  in  the  mitochondria  (Powerhouse)  • The  mitochondrion  makes  ATP  after  the  food  is  broken  down  into  smaller  molecules  called  glucose  

 3  Steps  of  Aerobic  Respiration  (Cellular  Respiration)  1. Glycolysis  =  Cytoplasm  (Gly  “sugar”;  lysi  “to  break”)  

 2. Krebs  Cycle  =  Matrix  of  Mitochondria  

       

   

   

 Outer  Membrane  

Matrix  “Empty  Space”  Inner  Membrane  

Cristae  –  Folds  in  the  inner  membrane  that  increase  surface  area  

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     3. Electron  Transport  Chain  =  Inner  membrane  of  mitochondria  

 

       Equations    

        Makes  36  ATP  per  glucose  molecule      What  is  the  difference  between  aerobic  and  anaerobic?  

Aerobic    “Mitochondria”   Anaerobic  “Cytoplasm”  Uses  oxygen         No  oxygen  Krebs  Cycle           Glycolysis  ETC  

Endothermic  

Exothermic    

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   Mitochondria  1. Reproduces  by  binary  fission  (believed  to  be  bacteria  years  ago)  2. Has  it’s  own  DNA  3. Has  it’s  own  ribosomes  4. Makes  its  own  ATP  

 Cellular  Respiration  Process    

Glycolysis   Krebs  Cycle  Citric  Acid  Cycle  

ETC  (Electron  Transport  Chain)  

Cytoplasm  No  Oxygen  

Break  down  sugar  6-­‐carbon  molecule  into  2  (3-­‐carbon)  

C6  H12O6    What  is  Produced?   2  ATP  =  used  by  the  cell   2  NADH  =  high  energy  electrons  (NAD  is  an  electron carrier)  

2  Pyruvate  =  broken  down  into  the  3C  compounds  

 

Matrix  Mitochondria    What  is  Produced?     2  ATP  =  used  by  cell   6-­‐8  NADH  =  goes  to  ETC  (high  energy  electrons)  

2  FADH  =  goes  to  ETC  (high  energy  electrons)  

2  CO2  =  released  waste  product    

 Main  job  to  make  high-­‐energy  electrons  for  the  ETC,  which  will  make  36  ATP  (LOTS…  LOTS)  

Inner  membrane  Mitochondria  Oxygen  

 What  happens?    

Electrons  are  delivered  by  NADH  and  FADH2  

Ravels  via  protein  chain  &  makes  H2O  

Each  time  electrons  move  thru  it  pumps  H+  across  membrane  

H+  pass  thru  enzyme  “ATP  Synthase”  and  32-­36  ATP’s  are  made    

   What  is  produced?  NAD+  FAD+  Heat  H2O  34-­‐36  ATP      

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 Photosynthesis  Review    • Occurs  in  the  chloroplasts  (organelle)    • Chlorophyll  –  molecule  inside  chloroplasts,  pigment  that  makes  plants  green  and  absorbs  light  (Chlorophyll  A  &  B)    

• Products  –  glucose  C6H12O6,  oxygen  O2  • Reactants  –  H20,  sunlight,  CO2  • Plants  only  absorb  blue/red  light  (No  green)  its  reflected  

2  Process  of  Photosynthesis  are:    1. Light  –Independent  –  stroma/calvin  cycle  (fluid)  

2. Light-­‐Dependent  –  thylakoid  (staked  called  grana)