cellular respiration studentnotes
Transcript of cellular respiration studentnotes
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Cellular Respiration
Why is Oxygen Important?
1. Cells need oxygen 2. Oxygen helps your body release energy inside sugar and carbon-‐based molecules
Sugars • Carbohydrates • Glucose
Carbon-based molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Proteins 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acids
Reminder
• Food does not provide energy • Food molecules must be broken down to make ATP • The energy is stored in the bonds
What is Cellular Respiration?
• Cells or living things that release the energy in glucose (sugar) and change it into ATP (energy)
• Occurs in the mitochondria (Powerhouse) • The mitochondrion makes ATP after the food is broken down into smaller molecules called glucose
3 Steps of Aerobic Respiration (Cellular Respiration) 1. Glycolysis = Cytoplasm (Gly “sugar”; lysi “to break”)
2. Krebs Cycle = Matrix of Mitochondria
Outer Membrane
Matrix “Empty Space” Inner Membrane
Cristae – Folds in the inner membrane that increase surface area
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3. Electron Transport Chain = Inner membrane of mitochondria
Equations
Makes 36 ATP per glucose molecule What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic “Mitochondria” Anaerobic “Cytoplasm” Uses oxygen No oxygen Krebs Cycle Glycolysis ETC
Endothermic
Exothermic
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Mitochondria 1. Reproduces by binary fission (believed to be bacteria years ago) 2. Has it’s own DNA 3. Has it’s own ribosomes 4. Makes its own ATP
Cellular Respiration Process
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Cycle
ETC (Electron Transport Chain)
Cytoplasm No Oxygen
Break down sugar 6-‐carbon molecule into 2 (3-‐carbon)
C6 H12O6 What is Produced? 2 ATP = used by the cell 2 NADH = high energy electrons (NAD is an electron carrier)
2 Pyruvate = broken down into the 3C compounds
Matrix Mitochondria What is Produced? 2 ATP = used by cell 6-‐8 NADH = goes to ETC (high energy electrons)
2 FADH = goes to ETC (high energy electrons)
2 CO2 = released waste product
Main job to make high-‐energy electrons for the ETC, which will make 36 ATP (LOTS… LOTS)
Inner membrane Mitochondria Oxygen
What happens?
Electrons are delivered by NADH and FADH2
Ravels via protein chain & makes H2O
Each time electrons move thru it pumps H+ across membrane
H+ pass thru enzyme “ATP Synthase” and 32-36 ATP’s are made
What is produced? NAD+ FAD+ Heat H2O 34-‐36 ATP
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Photosynthesis Review • Occurs in the chloroplasts (organelle) • Chlorophyll – molecule inside chloroplasts, pigment that makes plants green and absorbs light (Chlorophyll A & B)
• Products – glucose C6H12O6, oxygen O2 • Reactants – H20, sunlight, CO2 • Plants only absorb blue/red light (No green) its reflected
2 Process of Photosynthesis are: 1. Light –Independent – stroma/calvin cycle (fluid)
2. Light-‐Dependent – thylakoid (staked called grana)