Cellular Respiration Part II: Glycolysis. Curriculum Framework f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes...
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Transcript of Cellular Respiration Part II: Glycolysis. Curriculum Framework f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes...
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Cellular Respiration Part II:Glycolysis
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Curriculum Framework
• f. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates.
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Big Energy Events of Respiration
– Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate)
– The citric acid cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose)
– Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis)
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Electronscarried
via NADH
Electrons carriedvia NADH and
FADH2
Citricacidcycle
Pyruvateoxidation
Acetyl CoA
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
ATP ATP
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Big Energy Events of Respiration
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Electronscarried
via NADH
Electrons carriedvia NADH and
FADH2
Citricacidcycle
Pyruvateoxidation
Acetyl CoA
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transport
andchemiosmosis
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
ATP ATP ATP
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
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Mitochondrion
Fuel (glucose)
Oxygen
Water
Carbondioxide
ATP
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Curriculum Framework
GLYCOLYSIS2.F.1 Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate.
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Glycolysis• Glycolysis is thought to be one of the oldest
metabolic pathways.• This energy harvesting process occurs in the
cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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GlucoseATPMitochondrion
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Glycolysis
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Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate
• Glycolysis (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases
– Energy investment phase– Energy payoff phase
• Glycolysis occurs whether or not O2 is present
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Electron carrier (NADH)
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ATP Pyruvic acid
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Glycolysis
• Activation energy input• Splitting the fructose• Harvesting the energy
–2 NADH + H+, 2 ATP–Two pyruvates (pyruvic acid)
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Substrate
Product
ADP
PATP
Enzyme Enzyme
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
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Inputs Outputs
GlucoseGlycolysis
2 Pyruvate 2 ATP 2 NADH
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Curriculum Framework
2.F.2. Pyruvate is transported from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion, where further oxidation occurs.
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What happens to the pyruvate?
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Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
• Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must be converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
• This step is carried out by a multienzyme complex that catalyzes three reactions
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Pyruvic acidOuter mitochondrial membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
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Carbon dioxide
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Electron carrier (NADH)
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Acetyl CoA
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Pyruvate
Transport protein
CYTOSOL
MITOCHONDRION
CO2 Coenzyme A
NAD + HNADH Acetyl CoA
1
2
3
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Figure 9.6-3
Electronscarried
via NADH
Electrons carriedvia NADH and
FADH2
Citricacidcycle
Pyruvateoxidation
Acetyl CoA
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transport
andchemiosmosis
CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION
ATP ATP ATP
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
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Closing thoughts…
• What process is represented by A?
• What process is represented by B?
• C and D are products of A. What could they represent?
• What process is occurring at B?
• What does E represent?• What is the fate of E?
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Created by:
Debra RichardsCoordinator of Secondary Science ProgramsBryan ISDBryan, TX