CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let’s take a look back! –Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose Occurs...
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Transcript of CELLULAR RESPIRATION Let’s take a look back! –Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose Occurs...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Let’s take a look back!– Photosynthesis: light energy makes glucose
• Occurs only in plants or organisms with chloroplasts and chlorophyll
• Carbon dioxide is taken in
• Oxygen is given off
• Requires light
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Cellular Respiration: chemical process where carbohydrates are broken down to be a quick source of ATP– Location: mostly within Mitochondria– Food ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Two Types:1. Aerobic: needs Oxygen
2. Anaerobic: does NOT need Oxygen
• 3 Stages:1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• 3 Stages:1. Glycolysis = ANAEROBIC
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) = AEROBIC
3. Electron Transport Chain = AEROBIC
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. Glycolysis: means “breaks down glucose”• Occurs in cytoplasm• Costs 2 ATPs to start reaction• Breaks glucose down to Pyruvic Acid • Makes total of 4 ATPs• At end of reaction, net of 2 ATP• NOT EFFICIENT
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)• Occurs in Mitochondria• Aerobic• 2 Cycles occur at same time• Each cycle produces 1 ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2. Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)• Yields (Produces):
• 2 Net ATP
• NADPH and FADH2
• Carbon Dioxide
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
3. Electron Transport Chain• NADH & FADH2 from Citric Acid Cycle
unloads electrons at ETC• Result: 32 ATP is made
• H2O also made
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• END RESULT:– 38 ATP made from all 3 Stages– Oxidative Phosphorylation
• Oxygen is final electron acceptor• ADP is converted to ATP by adding phosphate
group
• But wait! What if there was not enough oxygen? Could cellular respiration still have taken place?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• FERMENTATION– 2 Kinds:
1. Lactic Acid
2. Alcoholic
• Both kinds only use GLYCOLYSIS– How many ATPs does that mean they make?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation• Anaerobic• Produces burning feeling in
muscle cells• Occurs when body worked to
point that more oxygen being used than taken in
• Produces LACTIC ACID and 2 ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
2. Alcoholic• Anaerobic• Carried out by some bacteria
and yeast• Used to bake bread and make
wine
• Produces CO2, Ethyl Alcohol, and 2 ATP
Let us do some comparisons!
• Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular RespirationFood synthesized Food broken down
Energy from sun stored in glucose Energy of glucose released
Carbon dioxide taken in Carbon dioxide given off
Oxygen given off Oxygen taken in
Produces sugars from PGAL Produces CO2 and H2O
Requires light Does not require light
Occurs only in presence of chlorophyll
Occurs in all living cells
Let us do some comparisons!
• Fermentation vs. Cellular Respiration
Comparison of Fermentation to Cellular Respiration
Lactic Acid Alcoholic Cellular respirationglucose
glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
lactic acid
2 ATP
glucose glucose
glycolysis (pyruvic acid) glycolysis (pyruvic acid)
carbon dioxide
alcohol
2 ATP 38 ATP
water
carbon dioxide
Check It!
D. the Calvin cycle
C. the light-independent reaction
B. cellular respiration
A. photosynthesis
1. The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called ________.
Check It!
B. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain
A. Carbon fixation, the Calvin cycle, and the electron transport chain
2. The three stages of cellular respiration are ________.
D. the light-dependent reactions, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain
C. glycolysis, the electron transport chain, and the citric acid cycle