CELLULAR RESPIRATION (The process of converting glucose into ATP)
Cellular Respiration - Deer Valley Unified School District · Cellular respiration is a series of...
Transcript of Cellular Respiration - Deer Valley Unified School District · Cellular respiration is a series of...
Cellular Respiration
Overview
• Heterotrophs obtain
glucose from plants and
plant matter.
• The goal is to convert food
energy (glucose) into
chemical energy! (ATP)
• Why would we do this?
The process by which glucose molecules
(food) are broken down and converted it
into chemical energy (ATP) is called
cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical
reactions that produces ATP.
The cell can then use that ATP whenever
it needs it!
Two types or categories for the chemical
reactions that make up cellular
respiration:
Aerobic respiration: requires
oxygen
• Produces 36 ATP molecules from each
glucose molecule.
Anaerobic respiration: does not
require oxygen
• Produces 2 ATP molecules from each
glucose molecule.
• Some organisms are only capable of
anaerobic respiration, however; others
are capable of both
Check for Understanding
• What is the primary difference between
aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
• Which one makes more ATP?
• Respiration breaks down glucose,
where do our bodies get the glucose?
The type of cellular respiration that
occurs most commonly in your body cells
is aerobic respiration
Think about this…
Think of one specific piece of evidence
that supports that your cells are aerobic.
Be ready to share!
Three chemical reactions
make up cellular respiration
There are 3 reactions as we
have 3 goals.
1)Break sugar down
2)Collect Hydrogens
3)Build lots of ATP!
Glycolysis: • Both aerobic and
anaerobic
respiration begin
with glycolysis
• Glycolysis is the
process by which
glucose is
converted
(changed) by
being broken
apart. That
catabolizing
releases energy
we can use!
Vocab Tip!
• Glyco is a prefix that means “sugar”
(glucose) in Latin!
• And lysis is a suffix that means “to split”
in Latin
• So…put it all together…Glyco-(sugar)
lysis-(breaks)
• When glucose breaks we call the new
compounds made; Pyruvate.
• Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule
that can be further broken down in the
next reaction.
• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of
the cell
• Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen so
we call this process anaerobic.
Most of the energy is contained in the
pyruvate molecules is released in the next
stage.
Think about this….
When we say “ energy is released” where
does that energy actually come from in a
molecule or compound?
Be ready to share!
A single glucose molecule that has
undergone glycolysis will produce 3
things; NADH, 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate
molecules.
Check for Understanding
• Where does glycolysis happen?
• Is it aerobic or anaerobic?
• What is needed for glycolysis?
• Where do those things come from?
• What is produced in glycolysis?
• Where do those things go?
Citric Acid Cycle (Also known
as the “Kreb’s Cycle”)
The pyruvate molecules produced by
glycolysis are moved into the
mitochondria and are the reactants
(ingredients) for the Citric Acid Cycle.
• Remember, we broke (catabolized) the
glucose into 2 pyruvates and so now,
in the Citric Acid Cycle we can break
(catabolize) those pyruvates down
even more!
• The Pyruvates are catabolize into
NADH, ATP (from ADP+P) and CO2
Notice second taxi! Why is this needed here? AND
how do our H taxis differ from those in a plant?
Check for understanding
• Where does Krebs Cycle occur?
• What is the other name for Krebs cycle?
• What is needed for Krebs cycle
• Where do those things come from?
• What is produced in Krebs cycle?
• Where do those things go?
Electron Transport Chain
The process by which energy is
transferred from NADH and
FADH2 to ATP.
The movement of electrons on Hydrogen
from NADH and FADH2 occurs along a
special inner membrane of the
mitochondrion, called the cristae.
•The hydrogen & its electron connect to
oxygen across the membrane and in so
doing makes water molecules.
•The electron transport chain generates
about 36 ATP molecules produced from each
original glucose molecule.
Think about this….
Why can’t we leave hydrogen alone?
Be ready to share!
Check for understanding
• Where does the ETC happen?
• Is it aerobic or anaerobic?
• What is needed for the ETC?
• Where do those items come from?
• What is the ultimate electron and
hydrogen acceptor?
So think about this…for 1 glucose
you get about 36 ATP! That is an
investment that pays off big!!!
Waste products of Cellular
Respiration
• Carbon Dioxide
• Water
• Heat
• Where do each of these end up?
Anaerobic Respiration
Certain cells in our body can produce energy without oxygen, mainly our
muscle cells. And only if we run low on oxygen for them!
Anaerobic respiration is the process that releases energy from food molecules in
the absence of oxygen.
Through fermentation, anaerobic organisms and your cells can exist w/o oxygen by using the small amount of
energy supplied by glycolysis.
Fermentation:The breaking
of glucose in
glycolysis
and the
recycling of
NAD in the
absence of
oxygen.
Only
produces 2
ATP.
Two types of Fermentation:
• Alcoholic fermentation (alcohol is a
waste product)
• Lactic acid fermentation (lactic acid is
a waste product)
Quick check of understanding: Name a type of organism who does
alcohol fermentation. And name an organism who does lactic acid fermentation.